Paper III Part 4 The Sound of Silence

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сұрақ жауап
a seminar
оқуды бастаңыз
tu: sit around a seminar table (seminarium)
the stock market
оқуды бастаңыз
(giełda papierów wartościowych)
a participant
оқуды бастаңыз
(uczestnik)
at the front of one’s mind
оқуды бастаңыз
(~gotowy, ~z rękawa)
intellectual property
оқуды бастаңыз
(własność intelektualna)
to be at risk
оқуды бастаңыз
(być zagrożonym)
so
(tak zwany)
оқуды бастаңыз
called
complexity
оқуды бастаңыз
(złożoność)
hubbub
оқуды бастаңыз
a loud noise, especially caused by a lot of people all talking at the same time; general excitement and activity (zgiełk, hałas, gwar)
to gazump
оқуды бастаңыз
tu: the fear of being intellectually gazumped; to refuse to sell a house that you own to someone you have agreed to sell it to, and to sell it instead to someone who offers to pay more for it (przebić ofertę)
to be in the driving / driver’s seat
оқуды бастаңыз
(być u władzy, u steru)
cagey
оқуды бастаңыз
unwilling to give information (ostrożny, nieufny)
to echo to the sound of sth
оқуды бастаңыз
(wybrzmiewać, wracać echem do dźwięku)
received wisdoms
оқуды бастаңыз
(otrzymane mądrości)
to recycle sth
оқуды бастаңыз
(ponownie przetwarzać, wykorzystać)
a reluctance (to do sth)
оқуды бастаңыз
(niechęć)
to link sth to sth
оқуды бастаңыз
(powiązywać coś z czymś)
policy
оқуды бастаңыз
(polityka)
government departments
оқуды бастаңыз
(rządowe resorty)
a think tank
оқуды бастаңыз
a group of experts brought together, usually by a government, to develop ideason a particular subject and to make suggestions for action (grupa ekspertów; organizacja pozarządowa zajmująca się badaniami i analizami dotyczącymi spraw publicznych)
on an individual level
оқуды бастаңыз
(z punktu widzenia jednostki)
to hoard sth
оқуды бастаңыз
(zbierać, gromadzić)
to make sense
оқуды бастаңыз
(być logicznym, mieć sens)
collectively
оқуды бастаңыз
as a group (wspólnie, razem)
to impoverish sth
оқуды бастаңыз
(pogarszać, niszczyć)
the detriment of sth
оқуды бастаңыз
harm or damage (szkoda, uszczerbek czemuś)
policymaking
оқуды бастаңыз
(tworzenie polityki, formułowanie zasad)
coyness
оқуды бастаңыз
behaviour in which someone intentionally tries to keep something secret (rezerwa); behaviour in which someone is or pretends to be shy, or like a child (fałszywa skromność)
to highlight sth
оқуды бастаңыз
(podkreślać, uwydatniać coś)
peculiar
оқуды бастаңыз
unusual and strange, sometimes in an unpleasant way (dziwny, osobliwy)
the essential problem
оқуды бастаңыз
(zasadniczy, podstawowy problem)
to glean sth
оқуды бастаңыз
to collect information in small amounts and often with difficulty (zdobywać, np. informacje, growadzić)
an originator
оқуды бастаңыз
(pomysłodawca, autor, np. myśli, pomysłu)
intact
оқуды бастаңыз
(nietknięty, nienaruszony)
ideas make bad commodities
оқуды бастаңыз
(pomysły są złym towarem)
pricing
оқуды бастаңыз
(wycena)
to capture sth
оқуды бастаңыз
(przejąć, zdobyć)
to lick one’s lips
оқуды бастаңыз
to feel pleasure at the thought of something (oblizywać się)
to take out sth
ever patent on an idea; (uzyskiwać coś)
оқуды бастаңыз
tu: one academic has just taken out the first
first
(pierwszy)
оқуды бастаңыз
ever
a patent on sth
оқуды бастаңыз
(patent na coś)
contractual
оқуды бастаңыз
relating to or contained within a contract (=legal agreement) (kontraktowy, wynikający z umowy)
guarded
оқуды бастаңыз
(ostrożny, pełen rezerwy)
on the face of it
оқуды бастаңыз
used when you are describing how a situation seems on the surface (na pierwszy rzut oka)
a miser
оқуды бастаңыз
tu: intellectual misers; someone who has a strong wish to have money and hates to spend it (skąpiec, sknera)
the argument that... flies
оқуды бастаңыз
(argument, że... ulatnia się, ulatuje)
in the face of sth
оқуды бастаңыз
despite having to deal with a difficult situation or problem (w obliczu)
current developments
оқуды бастаңыз
(aktualny rozwój wypadków)
to democratise sth
оқуды бастаңыз
(demokratyzować coś)
at the heart of sth
оқуды бастаңыз
(w sercu, środku czegoś)
cyberspace
оқуды бастаңыз
(cyberprzestrzeń)
monastic
оқуды бастаңыз
tu: monastic silence (klasztorny, zakonny)
to be bombarded with sth
оқуды бастаңыз
(być bombardowanym, atakowanym werbalnie)
of limited value
оқуды бастаңыз
(o ograniczonej wartości)
to broadcast sth
оқуды бастаңыз
(rozgłaszać, np. w internecie; transmitować)
guff
оқуды бастаңыз
speech or writing that is nonsense (bzdury, nonsens)
all the more
оқуды бастаңыз
even more than before (tym bardziej)
generosity
оқуды бастаңыз
(hojność; wielkoduszność)
precious
оқуды бастаңыз
(bezcenne)
to elevate sth
оқуды бастаңыз
tu: it also elevates the role of trust; to make someone or something more important or to improve something (powiększać, np. rolę czegoś)
to pass sth on
оқуды бастаңыз
e. g an idea; (przekazywać coś dalej)
in print
оқуды бастаңыз
(w druku)
to tag sth
оқуды бастаңыз
to put a tag on something (oznaczyć etykietką, otagować w internecie); tagging (tagowanie)
to succumb to sth
оқуды бастаңыз
tu: succumbing to the temptation to pass it off as my own; to lose the determination to oppose something (ulegać czemuś)
to pass sth off as
оқуды бастаңыз
to pretend that something is a particularthing when it is not (podawać coś jako, podszywać się)
to reap sth
оқуды бастаңыз
e. g to reap the rewards for sth; to obtain or receive something as a result of your own actions (zbierać plony czegoś, wyniki czegoś)
intellectual labour
оқуды бастаңыз
(trud intelektualny)
the fear of theft
оқуды бастаңыз
(strach przed kradzieżą)
to come up with sth
оқуды бастаңыз
(wymyślić coś, wpaść na coś)
to store up sth
оқуды бастаңыз
(składować, magazynować coś)
online consultancy
оқуды бастаңыз
(doradztwo internetowe)
to run sth from home
оқуды бастаңыз
(kierować zdalnie, z domu)
to be recognised as
оқуды бастаңыз
(być uznanym, docenionym za)
sufficient
оқуды бастаңыз
(dostateczny, wystarczający)
incentive
оқуды бастаңыз
something that encourages a person to do something (bodziec, zachęta, motywacja)
to credit sth
оқуды бастаңыз
e.g. good ideas; to believe something that seems unlikely to be true (uznawać coś)
on board
оқуды бастаңыз
tu: to keep the best minds on board (zaangażowany, “na pokładzie”)
to foster sth
оқуды бастаңыз
to encourage the development orgrowth of ideas or feelings (wspierać coś)
unnecessarily
оқуды бастаңыз
(niepotrzebnie)
to be distrustful of sb
оқуды бастаңыз
(być nieufnym, podejrzliwym wobec kogoś)
to overvalue sth
оқуды бастаңыз
(przeceniać coś)
to exacerbate sth
оқуды бастаңыз
to make something that is already badeven worse (pogarszać, nasilać)
to stifle sth
оқуды бастаңыз
to prevent something from happening, being expressed, or continuing (tłumić, dusić)
to hinder sth
оқуды бастаңыз
to limit the development of something (hamować, utrudniać, powstrzymywać)
an over
a greater supply of something than is needed (nadmierna podaż, nadmiar)
оқуды бастаңыз
supply of sth
imaginative ideas
оқуды бастаңыз
(twórcze, oryginalne, kreatywne pomysły)
copious
оқуды бастаңыз
tu: copious information; in large amounts, or more than enough (obfity, obszerny)
productive
оқуды бастаңыз
(produktywny, wydajny)
unscrupulous
оқуды бастаңыз
willing to lie or cheat to succeed (nie przebierający w środkach)
to implement sth
оқуды бастаңыз
to start using a plan or system (wprowadzać, wdrażać coś)
to withhold sth
оқуды бастаңыз
tu: to withhold good ideas; to refuse to give something, or to keep back something (zatajać, zatrzymywać)

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