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Paragraph 4, conditionals оқуды бастаңыз
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But for his advice, I would have worked myself into the ground.
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Paragraph 6, conditionals оқуды бастаңыз
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If I'd known that statistic when I was learning the ropes, I'd be selling insurance today.
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Paragraph 9, conditionals оқуды бастаңыз
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Had I done this, I would have said "yes" to some great books.
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оқуды бастаңыз
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I wish I'd spoken to him earlier.
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оқуды бастаңыз
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I now regret rejecting some authors who went on to have good careers.
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оқуды бастаңыз
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If only I'd known then what I know now.
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How do you make past conditionals? Use to talk about something that could have happened, but didn't, or should not have happened, but did. оқуды бастаңыз
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If + past perfect + would + have + past participle If I hadn't eaten that shellfish, I would have been fine.
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Instead of if + past perfect, two of the conditional sentences use alternative forms. What forms are they? оқуды бастаңыз
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But for his advice, I would have...; Had I done this I would have...
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Are these forms more or less formal than an if clause? оқуды бастаңыз
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Look at the conditional sentence in paragraph 6. Do both clauses refer to the past? What forms are used? If I'd known...; I'd be selling insurance today. оқуды бастаңыз
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No, they don't. The first clause refers to the past; but the second clause refers to the present past perfect; present continuous
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Why do you think this is sometimes called a "mixed conditional"? оқуды бастаңыз
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It's called a mixed conditional because it mixes different time periods (past and present)
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Two of the phrases to describe regrets use the same verb tense. What tense is this? оқуды бастаңыз
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Use regret + gerund, if only + past perfect or wish + past perfect to say we want something in the past to have been different.
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Rule 1 Use if + past perfect and would + present continuous/present simple оқуды бастаңыз
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to form a mixed conditional
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Rule 2 Use a mixed conditional оқуды бастаңыз
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to say that if something in the past had been different, the present would be different.
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Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the box. take over, know, be, spend, find, cause, stay, pull, die, become, tell, arrive, win, listen, call, cook оқуды бастаңыз
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Use the negative form where necessary.
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If you had (?) to my advice, you (?) in such a terrible situation now. take over, know, be, spend, find, cause, stay, pull, die, become, tell, arrive, win, listen, call, cook оқуды бастаңыз
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If you had listened to my advice, you wouldn't be in such a terrible situation now.
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I regret (?) a manager so young; I wish I (?) more time in the industry first. take over, know, spend, find, cause, stay, pull, die, become, tell, arrive, win, call, cook оқуды бастаңыз
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I regret becoming a manager so young; I wish I had spent more time in the industry first.
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We (?) your house if we (?) you on the mobile. take over, know, find, cause, stay, pull, die, tell, arrive, win, call, cook оқуды бастаңыз
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We wouldn't have found your house if we hadn't called you on the mobile.
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Imagine if Donner Textiles Ltd (?) the company, it (?) all kinds of problems. take over, know, cause, stay, pull, die, tell, arrive, win, cook оқуды бастаңыз
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Imagine if Donner Textiles Ltd had taken over the company, it would have caused all kinds of problems.
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Had they (?) us about that hotel, we (?) there now, instead of in this dump! know, stay, pull, die, tell, arrive, win, cook оқуды бастаңыз
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Had they told us about that hotel, we would be staying there now, instead of in this dump!
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But for the emergency services (?) so quickly, many more people (?) in the fire. know, pull, die, arrive, win, cook оқуды бастаңыз
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But for the emergency services arriving so quickly, many more people would have died in the fire.
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If I (?) she didn't eat wheat, I (?) pasta. оқуды бастаңыз
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If I had known she didn't eat wheat, I wouldn't have cooked pasta.
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It's such a shame: had she (?) a muscle, she (?) the race. оқуды бастаңыз
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It's such a shame: had she not pulled a muscle, she would have won the race.
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We gambled on red. We lost. оқуды бастаңыз
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If we hadn't gambled on red, we would have won.
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They only asked him to the party because he's famous. оқуды бастаңыз
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They wouldn't have asked him to the party if he wasn't /weren't famous.
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The boys feel bad about borrowing your car. оқуды бастаңыз
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The boys regret borrowing your car.
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She didn't know you were a vegetarian! She bought fish! оқуды бастаңыз
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Had she known you were a vegetarian, she wouldn't have bought fish.
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I forgot my keys. Now we're locked out! оқуды бастаңыз
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If only I hadn't forgotten my keys, we wouldn't be locked out.
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I'm working in a boring, low-paid job. I shouldn't have dropped out of university. оқуды бастаңыз
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If I hadn't dropped out of university, I wouldn't be working in a boring, low-paid job.
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Ahmed is sorry he didn't speak to you before you left. оқуды бастаңыз
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Ahmed wishes he had spoken to you before you left.
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He had an injury. We would have won otherwise. оқуды бастаңыз
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But for his injury, we would have won.
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If she had helped him back then, he would (?) helped her. Complete the sentences with one word in each gap. оқуды бастаңыз
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If she had helped him back then, he would have helped her.
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(?) for Ahmed's efforts, this conference would not have happened. оқуды бастаңыз
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But for Ahmed's efforts, this conference would not have happened.
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If (?) we had arrived earlier, we would have seen the sunrise. оқуды бастаңыз
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If only we had arrived earlier, we would have seen the sunrise.
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(?) I known about her illness, I would have come sooner. оқуды бастаңыз
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Had I known about her illness, I would have come sooner.
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I (?) doing some things I did when I was younger. I was thoughtless then! оқуды бастаңыз
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I regret doing some things I did when I was younger. I was thoughtless then!
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I (?) I'd known about the free food! оқуды бастаңыз
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I wish I'd known about the free food!
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If he hadn't come, everyone would (?) died. оқуды бастаңыз
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If he hadn't come, everyone would have died.
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I (?) be working here if I hadn't met Layla in 2008. оқуды бастаңыз
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I would/wouldn't be working here if I hadn't met Layla in 2008.
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оқуды бастаңыз
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In the first 4 sentences, some double contractions are possible. Can you see where?
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оқуды бастаңыз
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this conference would not have happened. оқуды бастаңыз
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this conference wouldn't've happened
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we would have seen the sunrise. оқуды бастаңыз
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оқуды бастаңыз
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оқуды бастаңыз
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a man who is thought to have magic powers; someone who is very good at something: a financial wizard
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his evil deeds, an evil dictator; evil spirits; an evil smell. оқуды бастаңыз
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very bad or harmful, or morally wrong; connected with the devil; very unpleasant.
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оқуды бастаңыз
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a job you get paid regularly for, and is likely to continue for a long time
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My morning commute takes 45 minutes. оқуды бастаңыз
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to regularly travel a long distance to work
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The most common conditional sentences refer to оқуды бастаңыз
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permanent facts, future possibility or imaginary situations.
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There are four main kinds of conditionals: The Zero Conditional (permanent facts): оқуды бастаңыз
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If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils. (if + present simple, ... present simple)
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There are four main kinds of conditionals: The First Conditional (future possibility): оқуды бастаңыз
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If it rains tomorrow, we'll go to the cinema. (if + present simple, ... will + infinitive)
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There are four main kinds of conditionals: The Second Conditional (imaginary situation): оқуды бастаңыз
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If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world. (if + past simple, ... would + infinitive)
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There are four main kinds of conditionals: The Third Conditional (hypothetical past): оқуды бастаңыз
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If I had gone to bed early, I would have caught the train. (if + past perfect, ... would + have + past participle)
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Zero conditional: General truths and general habits if + present simple, present simple оқуды бастаңыз
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If you add two and two, you get four. if + present simple, present simple
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First conditional: Possible or likely things in the future If + present simple, will + infinitive оқуды бастаңыз
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If it rains later, we'll stay at home. If + present simple, will + infinitive
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Second conditional: Impossible things in the present / unlikely things in the future If + past simple, would + infinitive оқуды бастаңыз
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If I won the lottery, I would sail round the world. If + past simple, would + infinitive
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Third conditional: Things that didn't happen in the past and their imaginary results If + past perfect, would + have + past participle оқуды бастаңыз
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If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. If + past perfect, would + have + past participle
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Other forms with a third conditional meaning: оқуды бастаңыз
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Supposing you'd met the president, what would you have said? Imagine you'd missed the flight, what would you have done?
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In more formal contexts, it is possible to replace if by inverting the subject and had. оқуды бастаңыз
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Had I know her, I would have said hello.
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Or replace if with but for + noun (+ gerund) оқуды бастаңыз
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But for Wilkinson's heroics, they would have lost the match.
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mixed conditional: use to say how, if something had been different in the past, the present or future would be different. оқуды бастаңыз
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If she'd listened to me, she wouldn't be in debt now.
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regrets: use regret + gerund, if only + past perfect or wish + past perfect to say we want something in the past to have been different. оқуды бастаңыз
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I regret going out last night. If only I hadn't left the oven on. He wishes he'd gone to university.
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Use if only + past simple or wish + past simple to say we want something to be different now. оқуды бастаңыз
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If only we had some matches! I wish you were here. After if only and wish, we often use were instead of was. Were is considered more correct in formal English, although was is often used in spoken English.
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Use if only + would or wish + would to show we are annoyed by something now. оқуды бастаңыз
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If only you'd be more sensible! I wish you would be quiet!
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