BC econimical matters

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Gross Domestic Product (GDP),
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Produkt krajowy brutto (PKB)
it’s more revealing to consider
it’s more revealing to consider the size of the economy now compared to its potential for sustained growth.
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bardziej odkrywcze jest rozważenie
a host of factors,
This depends on a host of factors, such as the legal and political framework, economic stability, the ease of doing business, the financial and information flow, convenience as a business centre and liveability. host of sparrows
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zależne od wielu czynników,(gość)
peer
These days, children prefer computer games to playing with their peers. However, the average New Yorker can buy more than their peers in London, Paris, Tokyo and Hong Kong.
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rówieśnik
W dzisiejszych czasach dzieci wolą gry komputerowe od zabawy z rówieśnikami.
are just squeezed out from
Both super-cities are just squeezed out from the number one spot by faster-growing London,
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są po prostu wyciskane z
to leapfrog Paris
which is expected to leapfrog Paris and become Europe’s richest city by 2020, owing to the vast volume of its financial markets. formal writing. As a noun: It refers to a traditional children's game where players vault over each other's backs.
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przeskoczyć Paryż
a unique composite of
benefiting from a unique composite of ports, airports, hotels and real estate.
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unikalny kompozyt, połączenie
packs a double punch.
Coming up behind is Seoul, which, similar to Hong-Kong, packs a double punch.
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ma podwójną moc.
sluggish growth in Paris
Conversely, sluggish growth in Paris has it slowly losing ground, dropping behind the South Korean capital
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powolny wzrost w Paryżu
the economy of Shanghai has doubled in the last ten years,
and it is projected to keep humming for the next five, though it is hardly the only Asian city with prospects.
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gospodarka Szanghaju podwoiła się w ciągu ostatnich dziesięciu lat,
to keep humming
it is projected to keep humming for the next five, though it is hardly the only Asian city with prospects.
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ciągle brzęczeć
come to the fore
Jakarta in Indonesia and Beijing come to the fore
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przodować, wyjść na prowadzenie
Toronto only narrowly-edged out Madrid
Hanging on at number ten, Toronto only narrowly-edged out Madrid and Philadelphia.
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Toronto wyprzedziło Madryt jedynie minimalną przewagą
The economy is in a downturn.
The economy is in a downturn. Growth has slowed.
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Gospodarka jest w recesji.(tendencji spadkowej)
keeping interest rates at an artificially low rate.
Many people blame the ECB for keeping interest rates at an artificially low rate.
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utrzymywanie stóp procentowych na sztucznie niskim poziomie.
banks keep afloat
The bailout package the government is preparing should ensure worst affected banks keep afloat.
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banki utrzymują się na powierzchni
point to a steep decline
All the indicators point to a steep decline in exports
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wskazują na gwałtowny spadek
value of the euro has dropped.
The value of the euro has dropped. Economists are hopeful it will rise next financial quarter.
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wartość euro spadła.
worst case scenario
The worst case scenario is that the recession will drag on indefinitely.
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Najgorszy scenariusz
A rapid increase in house prices produced a bubble
A rapid increase in house prices produced a bubble followed by a crash in the value of real estate.
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Gwałtowny wzrost cen nieruchomości spowodował bańkę
The stock market is booming
The stock market is booming as share prices continue to go through the roof.
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Giełda kwitnie
The risk of runaway inflation
The risk of runaway inflation is increasing as prices rise and wages stagnate.
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Ryzyko niekontrolowanej inflacji
increase the availability of home loans
The push to increase the availability of home loans led to unintended negative consequences.
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zwiększyć dostępność kredytów hipotecznych
skills shortage
There aren’t enough experienced, qualified nurses in the public health sector.
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niedobór umiejętności, brak wykwalifikowanej kadry pracowniczej
Real estate sales have surged
Real estate sales have surged 38% since last year. the housing market
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Sprzedaż nieruchomości gwałtownie wzrosła
organised labour
Not as many people join trade unions as they used to
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związki zawodowe
GDP
The total value of all goods and services in the United Kingdom was worth 2522.26 billion US dollars in 2013.
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PKB
the service sector
Tourism is a significant wealth-producer in many countries.
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sektor usług
deregulation
In the late 1990s the US government removed controls over commercial banking.
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deregulacja-usunięcie nadzoru państwa
liveable cities-quality of life
Vienna generally appears in any list of the top ten liveable cities.
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znośność miasta, jakość życia,
privatisation
The government has sold off the national railways to a number of different companies.
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prywatyzacja
High rates of taxation -standard of living
High rates of taxation have drastically reduced disposable income for many people since the banking crisis.
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Wysokie stawki podatkowe - standard życia
inward investment
Sony have opened a new plant in Vietnam which should boost the local economy.
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inwestycja wewnętrzna-zastrzyk finansowy z poza kraju
The most significant driver is the search for specialized talent.
Companies often move to cities with a high concentration of workers in their specific industry
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Najważniejszym czynnikiem jest poszukiwanie wyspecjalizowanych talentów.
helping the company recruit
Modern HQs are often moved to "lifestyle cities" that offer lower costs of living for employees, helping the company recruit without having to pay the astronomical salaries required in hubs like San Francisco or New York.
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pomaganie firmie w rekrutacji
Tax Incentives and Regulatory Climate -bidding wars
Direct Subsidies: Cash grants or tax abatements that can save a company billions over a decade. Favorable Regulation: Companies often flee states with complex labor laws or high corporate income taxes in favor of "business-friendly" jurisdictions.
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Zachęty podatkowe i klimat regulacyjny – wojny licytacyjne
Cost Optimization (The "Flight to Efficiency") Real estate is typically a company's second-largest overhead expense.
Rent and Utilities: Moving from a "Tier 1" city to a "Tier 2" city can slash occupancy costs by 30-5% %. As hybrid work stabilizes, firms are trading massive, half-empty campuses for smaller, high-tech hubs in central business districts.
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Optymalizacja kosztów („ucieczka do efektywności”) Nieruchomości stanowią zazwyczaj drugi co do wielkości wydatek stały w przedsiębiorstwie.
Strategic Ecosystems Proximity to partners, suppliers, and even competitors (agglomeration) fosters innovation.
Example: A logistics firm moving closer to a major port or a tech firm moving into an "Innovation District" to be near research universities.
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Strategiczne ekosystemy Bliskość partnerów, dostawców, a nawet konkurentów (aglomeracja) sprzyja innowacjom.
overhead expense
Overhead costs are fixed operating expenses that aren’t linked to a product or a service. These are typically regularly occurring expenses that the company needs to operate like internet costs, insurance, rent, employee salaries, utilities office supplies
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koszty ogólne
Positive Impacts (The Destination City)
Job Multiplication: For every 1 high-paying "white-collar" job created at the HQ, research suggests an additional 4 to 5 jobs are created in the local service economy (restaurants, retail, construction, and healthcare).
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Pozytywne skutki (miasto docelowe)
Positive Impacts (The Destination City)
Tax Base Expansion: Increased property taxes and local sales taxes provide funding for schools, infrastructure, and public services.
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Pozytywne skutki (miasto docelowe)
Positive Impacts (The Destination City)
Ancillary Investment: The arrival of a "tentpole" company often signals to other businesses that the city is a safe place to invest, leading to a surge in local startups and satellite offices.
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Pozytywne skutki (miasto docelowe)
Negative Impacts (The Destination Cit
The "Amazon Effect": Rapid influxes of high-earning employees can cause local real estate prices to skyrocket. This often leads to gentrification, where long-term residents are priced out of their own neighborhoods.
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Negatywne skutki (Miasto docelowe)
Negative Impacts (The Destination Cit
Infrastructure Strain: Sudden population growth can overwhelm public transit, increase traffic congestion, and put pressure on local utility grids.
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Negatywne skutki (Miasto docelowe)
The Fiscal Void:
When a major employer leaves, The city loses a primary source of tax revenue, which can lead to budget cuts for public services.
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Pustka fiskalna:
The "Brain Drain"
When a major employer leaves, Top talent often moves with the company, stripping the local community of its most skilled workers and reducing the incentive for new businesses to move in.
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„Drenaż mózgów”
Economists and business leaders track several key indicators to determine if an economy is "humming" or facing potential headwinds:
(GDP): Measures the overall growth or contraction of the economy. Unemployment Rate: A key indicator of labor market health. (CPI): Tracks inflation; Interest Rates: The cost of borrowing, influenced by central bank policy. Stock Market Performance:
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Ekonomiści i liderzy biznesu śledzą kilka kluczowych wskaźników, aby określić, czy gospodarka „rozkręca się”, czy też stoi w obliczu potencjalnych przeciwności:
sustainable economic growth why it matters-long term viability
Long-Term Viability: Ensures growth can continue without crashing due to resource depletion or excessive debt.
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Długoterminowa rentowność
positive effect of sustainable growth
Improved Living Standards: For nations, it means more jobs, better wages, and reduced poverty. Resilience: Companies and economies that grow sustainably are better equipped to handle market changes.
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pozytywny wpływ zrównoważonego wzrostu
If the product is good and meets consumer needs than advertising is unnecessary.
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Jeśli produkt jest dobry i spełnia potrzeby konsumenta, to reklama jest zbędna.
Large businesses have big budgets for marketing and promotion and as a result, people gravitate towards buying their products.
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Duże firmy dysponują dużymi budżetami na marketing i promocję, w rezultacie czego ludzie chętniej kupują ich produkty.
Some countries encourage foreign companies to open in their country.
Many people think that the government should focus on encouraging local business rather than foreign businesses.
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Niektóre kraje zachęcają zagraniczne firmy do zakładania firm na ich terenie.
business with a scope of limited investment
But, then just before a year, after playing with a lot of small business ideas with the scope of limited investment, I decided that I would start a fruit juice selling business
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biznes o ograniczonym zakresie inwestycji
sourcing a produkt
Starting an online clothing store involves not only sourcing products, creating a website, and managing logistics but also establishing a strong brand presence in a highly competitive market.
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pozyskiwanie produktu
fashion industry is evolving rapidly,
I believe that the fashion industry is evolving rapidly, with a growing demand for online shopping, especially after the recent global events.
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przemysł modowy rozwija się szybko,
Entrepreneurial
Entrepreneurial: – Characterised by risk-taking and initiative in order to make a profit. Example: I have an entrepreneurial spirit and have always wanted to run my own venture.
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Przedsiębiorczy
Lucrative:
Lucrative: – Producing a great deal of profit. Example: I believe this niche market could be quite lucrative in the long run.
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Lukratywny:
feasibility
Feasibility: – The state of being easily or conveniently done. Example: I'm still in the initial stages of assessing the business's feasibility.
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wykonalność
Address a gap in the market
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Znajdz lukę na rynku
Realize a long-term ambition: –
Achieve a goal that one has had for a significant amount of time. Example: Starting this business would allow me to realize a long-term ambition.
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Zrealizuj długoterminową ambicję: –
Generate employment:
– To create jobs for people. Example: I also hope that my business can eventually generate employment opportunities in the community.
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Generowanie zatrudnienia:
Capital investment: –
Money invested in a business with the expectation of future financial gain. Example: Securing the initial capital investment is one of the main hurdles I'm facing.
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Inwestycja kapitałowa: –
Navigate regulatory hurdles:
– Deal with and overcome official rules and procedures that can be obstacles. Example: Understanding and navigating the regulatory hurdles is a key step before launching
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Pokonaj przeszkody regulacyjne:
A passion-driven project: –
An undertaking fueled by strong enthusiasm and interest. Example: This business is more than just a way to earn a living; it's a passion-driven project.
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Projekt napędzany pasją: –
Scalable business model: –
A framework for how a business creates, delivers, and captures value that can be expanded without significant increases in cost. Example: I'm developing a scalable business model that can adapt to growth.
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Skalowalny model biznesowy: –
Make a meaningful contribution: –
To have a significant and positive impact. Example: I believe this business can make a meaningful contribution to the local economy.
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Wnieś znaczący wkład: –
Achieve financial independence: –
To have enough money to live without having to work. Example: Ultimately, I hope this venture will help me achieve financial independence.
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Osiągnij niezależność finansową: –
Harness my expertise: –
To effectively use my skills and knowledge. Example: This business would allow me to harness my expertise in a creative and impactful way.
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Skorzystać z mojej wiedzy. i doswiadczenia
A fulfilling endeavour:
– An activity that provides a sense of satisfaction and purpose. Example: I envision it being a challenging yet ultimately fulfilling endeavour.
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Spełniające przedsięwzięcie:
Legal and Political Framework:
Is the government stable? Are contracts enforceable in court? Is there a risk of sudden regulatory changes?
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Ramy prawne i polityczne:
Economic Stability:
Is inflation low? Is the currency stable?
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Stabilność gospodarcza:
Ease of Doing Business:
How hard is it to get a permit, pay taxes, or register property In essence, a high ranking meant a country had fewer bureaucratic hurdles, stronger property rights, and more efficient legal frameworks, fostering entrepreneurship.
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Łatwość prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej:
based on how favorable their regulatory environment was
ranked countries based on how favorable their regulatory environment was for starting and operating a local business
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na podstawie tego, jak korzystne było ich otoczenie regulacyjne
Financial and Information Flow:
Can you move money in and out of the country easily? Is the internet fast and uncensored?
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Przepływ finansowy i informacyjny:
Liveability:
Will employees actually want to live there? This includes housing costs, safety, schools, and culture
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Jakość życia:
ancillary investment
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inwestycja pomocnicza

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