Definicje- managing people

Theory X

a management style based on strict supervision, assuming employees dislike work and need external motivation.

Theory Y

a management style based on trust and autonomy, assuming employees enjoy work and seek responsibility.

Financial Insecurity

a state of uncertainty about income, which can lead to stress and lower job satisfaction.

Organizational Performance

a company’s effectiveness in achieving its goals, often linked to employee motivation and engagement.

Hierarchy of Needs

a psychological theory by Abraham Maslow explaining human motivation, from basic survival to self_fulfillment.

Meaningful Work

work that employees find valuable and fulfilling, increasing motivation and engagement.

Management by Objectives

a management approach where employees and managers set clear goals to improve performance and accountability.

Top_down Communication

a communication style where decisions and information flow from higher management to employees.

Bottom_up Communication

a communication style where employees share feedback, ideas, and concerns with management.

Workplace Culture

the values, behaviors, and attitudes that shape the work environment and influence employee motivation.

Motivation Factors

elements that drive employees to perform well, such as recognition, career growth, and meaningful work.

Employee Retention

a company’s ability to keep employees over time, influenced by job satisfaction and motivation.

Hygiene Factors

job factors, such as salary and security, that do not motivate but cause dissatisfaction if missing.

Empowerment

granting employees the authority and responsibility to make decisions without needing constant managerial approval.

Enabling

providing employees with the necessary tools, resources, and support to perform their tasks effectively.

Active Listening

fully concentrating, understanding, and responding thoughtfully during communication.

Assertiveness

confidently expressing one’s opinions, needs, and rights in a clear and respectful manner without being passive or aggressive.

Taskforce

a temporary group formed to achieve a specific goal or solve a problem.

Brainstorming

a group discussion technique used to generate ideas and solve problems collaboratively.

Milestones

significant events that mark important stages in a process or project.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

a motivational theory that ranks human needs in a pyramid, from basic survival (food, security) to self_actualization (personal growth and fulfillment). Employees are motivated as they progress through these levels.

Herzberg’s Two_Factor Theory

a motivation theory distinguishing between motivators (e.g., achievement, recognition) that increase job satisfaction and hygiene factors (e.g., salary, job security) that prevent dissatisfaction but don’t motivate.

McGregor’s Theory X

a management approach assuming employees dislike work and need strict supervision, external rewards, and punishments to stay productive.

McGregor’s Theory Y

a management approach assuming employees are self_motivated, enjoy work, and perform better when given trust, autonomy, and responsibility.

Drucker’s Management by Objectives (MBO)

a strategy where managers and employees collaborate to set specific, measurable goals, ensuring alignment with organizational objectives and providing motivation through clear expectations.

Cross_functional Teams

teams composed of members from different departments or expertise areas working together on a common goal.

Autocratic Leadership

a leadership style where decisions are made by the leader without input from subordinates, relying on strict control and instructions.

Democratic Leadership

a leadership style where decision_making is shared among team members, promoting collaboration and participation.

Laissez_faire Leadership

a leadership style with minimal supervision, allowing employees to take responsibility and make their own decisions.

Job Enrichment

enhancing a job by adding more meaningful tasks, responsibilities, and opportunities for personal growth to improve motivation.

Morale

the level of confidence and positive feelings that people have, especially those who work together.

Self_esteem

the feeling of being valued and important, often linked to recognition and respect from others.

Acknowledgment

public recognition and appreciation for someone's success or achievements.

Self_fulfillment

achieving one’s full potential and personal growth, as described by Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.

Sense of Achievement

the feeling of success after significant effort and accomplishment.

Commitment

strong dedication, enthusiasm, and belief in a goal or organization.

Outcome

the result or visible impact of a job or task.

Autonomy

the ability to make independent decisions and have control over work processes.

Significance

the level of importance and usefulness of a job or task in an organization.

Job Enlargement

expanding an employee’s responsibilities by combining multiple tasks into one role.

Task

a specific piece of work or responsibility assigned as part of a job or study.