ILSPT (02) - Basic English Vocabulary for Law

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сұрақ English жауап English
damages
оқуды бастаңыз
Money claimed by someone as compensation for harm done (odszkodowanie)
to commit
оқуды бастаңыз
To send someone to prison or to a court (skierować)
judicial
оқуды бастаңыз
An adjective referring to a judge or the law (sądow(nicz)y)
innocent
оқуды бастаңыз
Not guilty of a crime (niewinny)
offence
оқуды бастаңыз
Any act which is not legal (wykroczenie)
lawyer
оқуды бастаңыз
A person who has studied law and can act for people on legal business (prawnik)
dispute
оқуды бастаңыз
A disagreement or argument between parties (spór)
tribunal
оқуды бастаңыз
A specialist court outside the judicial system which examines special problems (trybunał)
case
оқуды бастаңыз
A set of arguments or facts put forward by one side in a legal proceeding (obrona)
judge
оқуды бастаңыз
An official who presides over a court (sędzia)
to plead
оқуды бастаңыз
To make an allegation in legal proceedings (odpowiadać na zarzuty oskarżenia)
defendant
оқуды бастаңыз
Someone who is accused of a crime in a criminal case (oskarżony, pozwany)
claimant
оқуды бастаңыз
A person who makes a claim against someone in a civil court (powód)
settlement
оқуды бастаңыз
An agreement reached after an argument (porozumienie/ugoda sądowe/a)
to arrest
оқуды бастаңыз
To hold someone legally so as to charge them with a crime (aresztować)
hearing
оқуды бастаңыз
A case which is being heard by committee, tribunal or court of law (sprawa sądowa)
to convict
оқуды бастаңыз
To find that someone is guilty of a crime (uznać za winnego)
breach
оқуды бастаңыз
Failure to carry out the terms of an agreement (naruszenie)
to prosecute
оқуды бастаңыз
To bring someone to court to answer a criminal charge (wnosić oskarżenie)
to appeal
оқуды бастаңыз
To ask a high law court to change its decision or sentence (złożyć apelację)
to charge
оқуды бастаңыз
To say that someone has committed a crime (oskarżyć, postawić zarzut)
binding
оқуды бастаңыз
Having the legal ability to force someone to do something (wiążący)
civil
оқуды бастаңыз
An adjective referring to the rights and duties of private persons or organizations (cywilny)
defence
оқуды бастаңыз
The arguments used when fighting a case
contract
оқуды бастаңыз
A legal agreement between two or more parties (umowa prawna)
criminal
оқуды бастаңыз
An adjective referring to crime (kryminalny, karny)
jury
оқуды бастаңыз
A group of 12 citizens who decide whether or not someone is guilty in a trail (ława przysięgłych)
evidence
оқуды бастаңыз
A written or spoken statement of facts which helps to prove or disprove something at a trial (materiał dowodowy)
to fine
оқуды бастаңыз
To order someone to pay money as a punishment (nałożyć karę grzywny)
injunction
оқуды бастаңыз
A court order telling someone to stop doing something, or not to do something (nakaz/zakaz sądowy)
accountable
оқуды бастаңыз
responsible for what had happened (odpowiedzialny)
impartial
оқуды бастаңыз
not biased or prejudiced (bezstronny)
pecuniary
оқуды бастаңыз
financial (pieniężny)
valid
оқуды бастаңыз
being acceptable because it is true or relevant (prawomocny)
unprecedented
оқуды бастаңыз
not having happened before (bezprecedensowy)
void
оқуды бастаңыз
not having any legal effect (nieważny)
admissible
оқуды бастаңыз
referring to evidence which a court will allow to be used (dopuszczalny)
unanimous
оқуды бастаңыз
where everyone votes in the same way (jednomyślny)
eligible
оқуды бастаңыз
able or allowed to do something (uprawniony)
irreconcilable
оқуды бастаңыз
very strong, so that it is not possible for two sides to reach an agreement (nie do pogodzenia)
gross (adj.)
оқуды бастаңыз
serious (rażący)
deductible
оқуды бастаңыз
able to be removed (możliwy do usunięcia)
insolvent
оқуды бастаңыз
not able to pay debts (niewypłacalny)
fiduciary
оқуды бастаңыз
acting as trustee for someone else, or being in a position of trust (powierniczy)
occupational
оқуды бастаңыз
referring to jobs and work (zawodowy)
exempt
оқуды бастаңыз
not required to pay, or not covered by law (zwolniony)
verbatim
оқуды бастаңыз
in the exact words (dosłowny)
unconditional
оқуды бастаңыз
with no conditions attached (bezwarunkowy)
feasible
оқуды бастаңыз
possible or practical (wykonalny)
redundant
оқуды бастаңыз
no longer needed or valid (zbędny)
solvent
оқуды бастаңыз
having enough money to pay debts (wypłacalny)
nominal
оқуды бастаңыз
a very small amount (symboliczny)
corporate
оқуды бастаңыз
referring to a company (firmowy)
open-ended
оқуды бастаңыз
with no fixed period, or with some items not specified (na czas nieokreślony)
litigious
оқуды бастаңыз
very willing to bring a lawsuit against someone to settle a disagreement (sporny)
nominee
оқуды бастаңыз
a person who is appointed to deal with financial or other matters on behalf of another person (nominat)
franchise
оқуды бастаңыз
a license to trade using a brand name and paying royalty for it
ombudsman
оқуды бастаңыз
someone who deals with complaints that people make against the government or public organizations (rzecznik praw obywatelskich)
guarantor
оқуды бастаңыз
somebody who gives a guarantee (poręczyciel, gwarant)
perjury
оқуды бастаңыз
the crime of telling a lie in a court of law (krzywoprzysięstwo)
tortfeasor
оқуды бастаңыз
somebody who has committed a civil wrong to somebody, entitling the victim to claim damages (sprawca czynu niedozwolonego)
compensation
оқуды бастаңыз
a payment made by a person or company to cover cost of damage or hardship which they have caused (rekompensata)
mediation
оқуды бастаңыз
an attempt by a third party to make the two sides in an argument agree (pośrednictwo)
debenture
оқуды бастаңыз
a document in which a company acknowledges it owes a debt and gives the company's assets as security (obligacja, skrypt dłużny)
liability
оқуды бастаңыз
the legal responsibility for paying someone for loss or damage incurred (odpowiedzialność prawna - obowiązek zapłaty, pasywa)
negligence
оқуды бастаңыз
a failure to give proper care to something, especially a duty or responsibility, with the result that a person or property is harmed (zaniedbanie)
goodwill
оқуды бастаңыз
the good reputation and trade with customers that a business firm has (dobre imię)
to indemnify
оқуды бастаңыз
to pay for loss or damage suffered (wynagrodzić)
to undetake
оқуды бастаңыз
to promise to do something (zobowiązać się)
to adjudicate
оқуды бастаңыз
to give a judgement between two parties (rozstrzygnąć)
to liquidate
оқуды бастаңыз
to sell assets or stock to raise cash (spieniężyć)
to entitle
оқуды бастаңыз
to have or give someone the right to do something (uprawnić)
to mediate
оқуды бастаңыз
to try to make to sides in an argument come to an agreement (pośredniczyć)
to draft
оқуды бастаңыз
to make a first rough plan of a document such as contract (sporządzany)
to defraud
оқуды бастаңыз
to trick someone so as to obtain money or goods illegally (oszukiwać)
to disclose
оқуды бастаңыз
to tell details (ujawnić)
to ban
оқуды бастаңыз
to forbid something, or make it illegal (zakazać)
to invalidate
оқуды бастаңыз
to make something no longer valid (unieważnić)
to waive
оқуды бастаңыз
to say that something is not necessary (zrzec się)
to grant
оқуды бастаңыз
to agree to give someone something, or to allow someone to do something (przyznać)
to ratify
оқуды бастаңыз
to approve officialy something that has already been decided (potwierdzać)
to blacklist
оқуды бастаңыз
to put goods, people or a company on a list of those that you will not deal with (wykluczyć)
to default
оқуды бастаңыз
to fail to carry out the terms of a contract, especially to fail to pay back a debt (nie wywiązać się)
to foreclose
оқуды бастаңыз
to take possession of a property because the owner cannot repay money they have borrowed using the property as security (zablokować dostęp)
to dispute
оқуды бастаңыз
to argue against something; to say that something is not correct (kwestionować)
to subcontract
оқуды бастаңыз
to agree with a company that they will do all or part of the work for a project (zlecić podwykonanie)
to infringe
оқуды бастаңыз
to make a product in the same way as another product which has been patented, and not pay royalties (naruszyć)
to certify
оқуды бастаңыз
to make an official declaration in writing (poświadczyć, uwierzytelnić)
to exempt
оқуды бастаңыз
to free someone from having to pay tax (zwolnić)
to wound up
оқуды бастаңыз
to put a company into liquidation (zlikwidować)
to allege
оқуды бастаңыз
to state, usually in giving evidence, that something has happened or is true (twierdzić)
to abide by
оқуды бастаңыз
to accept a rule or follow a custom (przestrzegać)
to vest
оқуды бастаңыз
to transfer to someone the legal ownership and possession of land or a right (przekazać, powierzyć)
to claim
оқуды бастаңыз
to ask for money (żądać)
to seek
оқуды бастаңыз
to ask for or try to do something (domagać się)

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