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following traditional or widely accepted standards
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conventional
causing disagreement or hostility between people
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divisive
the condition of being spontaneous / acting on impulse without planning
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spontaneity
to study intensively over a short period of time just before an exam
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cram
putting school students into groups according to their general academic ability
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streaming
an unrealistic feeling of general inadequacy, often causing aggressive behavior or extreme shyness
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inferiority complex
the act of judging or deciding the amount, value, quality, or importance of something, or the judgment or decision that is made
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assessment
activities pursued in addition to the normal course of study
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extracurricular
a grant or payment made to support a student's education, awarded on the basis of academic achievement
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scholarship
an official recognition that an institution meets certain required standards
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accreditation
a college or university building containing living quarters for students
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dormitory
a final project, task, or exam that brings together everything a student has learned during their studies
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capstone
the action of staying away from school without good reason; absenteeism
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truancy
optional courses or subjects that a student can choose to take
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electives
a financial award/grant made to a person, typically to enable them to study at a university
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bursary
the head of a university faculty or department
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dean
fixed firmly and deeply in a surrounding mass; an integral part of something
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embedded
to give something (money, time, effort) to help achieve or provide something
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contribute
complete / including all or nearly all elements or aspects of something
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comprehensive
to adapt or make something suit a specific need or individual
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tailor
more than necessary
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unduly
without success / completely uselessly
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in vain
to make it difficult for someone to do something
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hamper
knowledge or beliefs passed down through generations
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inherited wisdom
to refuse to give something that is due, desired, or requested
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withhold
to take a risk or a big step forward, especially after hesitating
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take the leap
delivering a central or principal speech at a conference
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keynoting
a valuable object that has belonged to a family for several generations
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heirloom
to destroy or completely get rid of something such as a social problem or a disease
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eradicate
existing in something as a permanent, essential, or characteristic attribute
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inherent
widespread or common in a particular area or at a particular time
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prevalent
absolutely necessary
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imperative
a state of fairness in which individuals are treated similarly, unhampered by artificial barriers
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equality of opportunity
a type of secondary school in the UK that does not select pupils on the basis of academic achievement
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comprehensive schooling
lists of schools, colleges, or teams, ranked in order of their performance or results
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league tables
a dual system in which one group receives a higher quality of service or privilege than another
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two-tier system
having a lot of money, property, or natural gifts/qualities
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well endowed
having less money / poorer
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less well-off
o be exceptionally good at or proficient in an activity or subject
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excel
the basic skills of reading, writing, and arithmetic
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the three R’s
Parent-Teacher Association; an organization of parents and teachers that promotes the welfare of schoolchildren
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PTA
a group of people responsible for the financial and strategic management of a school
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school governors
a temporary substitute teacher who fills in when a regular teacher is absent
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supply teacher
a teacher who travels from school to school, usually specializing in a particular subject like music
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peripatetic teacher
made from unrefined flour / whole-grain
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wholemeal
an institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions
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fair trade
relating to livestock or poultry kept in natural conditions, with freedom of movement
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free-range
Genetically Modified
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GM
a small mistake in an agreement or law that gives someone the chance to avoid having to do something
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loophole
substances or things derived or developed from something else
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derivatives
to make a liquid thinner or weaker by adding water or another solvent
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dilute
socially or morally objectionable
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unsavoury
a polite way of giving permission ("Go ahead, help yourself")
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be one's guest
listen to this (used to introduce a surprising or interesting fact)
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get this
treated to expensive food and drink, usually to impress or entertain
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wined and dined
flawless / faultless
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impeccable
bad-tempered, gloomy, and silent
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sullen
unpleasant, repulsive, or discouraging
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off-putting
quick and rude in manner or speech
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brusque
to try very hard to do something, especially for someone else
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to go out of one's way
to be very mindful or careful about the nutritional energy value of food consumed
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calorie-conscious
a person who is very selective and hard to please when it comes to food
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fussy eater
choosing to never drink alcohol
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teetotal
special rules regarding what a person can or cannot eat due to health, religion, or ethics
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dietary requirement
to choose or accept whatever is available, without knowing what it will be like
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take pot luck
an invitation to a party where guests are expected to bring their own alcoholic drinks an invitation to a party where guests are expected to bring their own alcoholic drinks
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bring a bottle
an informal social gathering
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get-together
small items of food (like chips, nuts, or crackers) eaten to accompany drinks at a party
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nibbles
to quickly get something to eat
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grab a bite to eat
the state or quality of being unnecessary or with no cause
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gratuitousness
an escape of blood from a ruptured vessel; metaphorically: to lose money, resources, or people rapidly
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haemorrhage
a place where garbage is disposed of by burying it under layers of earth
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landfill site
to appear or happen unexpectedly
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crop up
the act of providing something
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provision
doing something through an agent or a secondary method rather than directly
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by proxy
a boundary, limit, or graphical indicator on a chart representing a strict limit or standard
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black line
an amount of something that is more than you need
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surplus
to stabilize / to stop rising or falling and remain at a constant level
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level off
farm animals regarded as an asset or resource
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livestock
to use up the supply or resources of something
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deplete
enormous / gigantic
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gargantuan
to destroy something by burning it completely
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incinerate
to heavily criticize or damage someone's reputation; slang for physically beating someone up
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trash somebody
to make something or someone be in a particular state or condition
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render
to reject or look down on something with contempt because it is not considered good enough
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turn one’s nose up at
to start doing something with determination
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set about
a sudden spreading of a highly contagious viral disease affecting cattle, sheep, and pigs
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foot-and-mouth outbreak
not needing or without oxygen
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anaerobic
an advantage that comes from a difficult or unpleasant situation
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silver lining
to officially establish a rule, or to officially say how something should be done
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to lay something down
to put a decision, plan, or agreement into effect
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implement
tangible, definitive, and measurable results that must be produced by a project
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concrete deliverables
people or groups who have an interest or investment in an enterprise or project
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stakeholders
financial rewards, tax breaks, or subsidies provided by a government to encourage specific economic behavior
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fiscal incentives
to make a determined effort to deal with a difficult problem or task
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to tackle

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