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Gerund after PREPOSITIONS оқуды бастаңыз
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Gerund after CERTAIN VERBS: like, love, hate, enjoy, mind, finish, stop оқуды бастаңыз
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Gerund as the SUBJECT of a sentence оқуды бастаңыз
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TO+INFINITIVE After ADJECTIVES оқуды бастаңыз
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This problem is difficult to solve.
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TO+INFINITIVE After CERTAIN VERBS: would like, want, need, decide, hope, expect, plan, forget, seem, try, promise, offer, refuse, learn, manage. оқуды бастаңыз
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TO+INFINITIVE To express PURPOSE/REASON оқуды бастаңыз
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I'm chasing this guy to earn my bread and butter.
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Stop! I'm tired of running. оқуды бастаңыз
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This is a difficult situation to solve. I enjoy seeing you tired, but I would also like to escape.
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USUALLY: FOR CURRENT HABITS Melissa, a good English teacher, usually makes students repeat sentences correctly. This usually bothers Meritxell, her student, a little. оқуды бастаңыз
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Melissa, a good English teacher, usually makes students repeat sentences correctly. This usually bothers Meritxell, her student, a little.
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USED TO: FOR PAST HABITS OR PAST SITUATIONS THAT HAVE CHANGED Meritxell used to take drugs, but now she doesn't even smoke. оқуды бастаңыз
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subject + USED TO + infinitive Meritxell used to take drugs, but now she doesn't even smoke.
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BE USED TO: FOR A NEW SITUATION THAT YOU ARE ALREADY ACCUSTOMED TO Melissa is used to craving food all the time since she quit smoking. craving a very strong desire for something: a craving for chocolate оқуды бастаңыз
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subject + BE USED TO + gerund or noun Melissa is used to craving food all the time since she quit smoking.
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GET USED TO: FOR SOMETHING THAT IS BECOMING FAMILIAR TO YOU OR TO WHICH YOU ARE ADAPTING. Melissa and Meritxell haven't gotten used to living without addictions. оқуды бастаңыз
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subject + GET USED TO + gerund or noun
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Repeat after me: I used to take drugs. оқуды бастаңыз
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оқуды бастаңыз
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I wish you were here. I wish we were lying in bed together. You can use "were" for I/he/she/it.
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оқуды бастаңыз
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to express regret or in reference to unreal situations.
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Wishes for the PRESENT and FUTURE оқуды бастаңыз
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Use PAST SIMPLE or PAST CONTINUOUS
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оқуды бастаңыз
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to express when you would like a situation to be different.
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He wishes they were lying on the bed. оқуды бастаңыз
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to express when you would like to be doing something different. He wishes they were lying on the bed.
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I wish you would stop laughing at me. Now I wish you hadn't come over. оқуды бастаңыз
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I wish you would stop laughing at me. Now I wish you hadn't come over.
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He wishes she handn't come over. оқуды бастаңыз
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to express regret or when you would like a situation to be different.
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To COMPLAIN or express IMPATIENCE оқуды бастаңыз
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Use WOULD+VERB or COULD+VERB
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оқуды бастаңыз
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He wishes she would stop laughing.
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оқуды бастаңыз
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He wishes he could make her disappear.
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You can use SUBJECT+WISH+PRONOUN in fixed expressions: оқуды бастаңыз
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RATHER at The Museum of Modern Art оқуды бастаңыз
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I would rather shoot myself than wait in line with all these snobs.
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Look and learn! You have to be an alternative artist. оқуды бастаңыз
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Oh Daddy! I would rather just be a waitress.
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оқуды бастаңыз
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He is a sex maniac rather than an art enthusiastic оқуды бастаңыз
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means "instead of" or "and not". Normally used to compare parallel structures.
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оқуды бастаңыз
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means "would prefer to...
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WOULD RATHER ... THAN is used to show preference between options. Elvis would rather be the center of attention than be just like everybody else. оқуды бастаңыз
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SUBJECT+WOULD RATHER+INFINITIVE without to+OPTION 1+THAN+OPTION 2 Elvis would rather be the center of attention than be just like everybody else.
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оқуды бастаңыз
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WOULD RATHER is used to show preference for one option over another. -Hey, Jeff! Let's get out of here! -I'd rather stay here. оқуды бастаңыз
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SUBJECT+WOULD RATHER+INFINITIVE without to+OPTION -Hey, Jeff! Let's get out of here! -I'd rather stay here.
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She is distracted, or rather, she is pretending to be distracted. оқуды бастаңыз
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Used to change what it is just said. She is distracted, or rather, she is pretending to be distracted.
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Marilyn had a rather tender look. оқуды бастаңыз
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is also an adverb of degree. It means "quite". Marilyn had a rather tender look.
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оқуды бастаңыз
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Connectors, also called linking words or linkers, indicate the relationship between ideas.
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The last clue drove Harry to the wood house on top of the montain. Maybe this would be the telltale clue. The weather was very bad and, (?), the car lights оқуды бастаңыз
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The last clue drove Harry to the wood house on top of the montain. Maybe this would be the telltale clue. The weather was very bad and, in addition, the car lights
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the car lights didn't work (?) they had been shout out a couple of hours earlier. оқуды бастаңыз
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the car lights didn't work because they had been shout out a couple of hours earlier.
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(?) all this, Harry managed to get to the place and get out of the car unnoticed. оқуды бастаңыз
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Despite all this, Harry managed to get to the place and get out of the car unnoticed.
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The lights of the house were on (?) Harry carefully crawled through the bushes until he reached the window. оқуды бастаңыз
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The lights of the house were on so Harry carefully crawled through the bushes until he reached the window.
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There he saw Elisabeth crying. (?), a shiver came over his body. оқуды бастаңыз
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There he saw Elisabeth crying. Suddenly, a shiver came over his body.
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оқуды бастаңыз
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Elisabeth was actually laughing (?) looking directly into Harry's eyes оқуды бастаңыз
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Elisabeth was actually laughing and looking directly into Harry's eyes
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оқуды бастаңыз
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оқуды бастаңыз
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оқуды бастаңыз
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for example (e.g.), for instance, such as
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оқуды бастаңыз
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with regard to, regarding, concerning, by the way
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оқуды бастаңыз
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and, also, too, as well as, in addition, apart from, besides, furthermore, moreover, then again
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оқуды бастаңыз
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in short, in brief, in summary, to conclude, in conclusion
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оқуды бастаңыз
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because, because of, for, since, as, due to, owing to
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оқуды бастаңыз
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so, consequently, as a result, therefore, thus, hence
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оқуды бастаңыз
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but, however, although, even though, though, despite, in spite of, nevertheless, nonetheless, while, whereas, unlike, on the other hand, anyway
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оқуды бастаңыз
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firstly, secondly, thirdly, to begin with, next, lastly, finaly
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оқуды бастаңыз
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at the beginning, then, at last, once, afterwards, suddenly, finally, in the end
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оқуды бастаңыз
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obviously, particularly, in theory, in fact, especially
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оқуды бастаңыз
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surely, indeed, undoubtedly, certainly, even so
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оқуды бастаңыз
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A relative clause is a dependent clause that mofifies a word, phrase or idea in the main clause.
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A relative clause begins with a оқуды бастаңыз
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RELATIVE PRONOUN WHO, WHOM, WHOSE, THAT or WHITCH The type of clause determines which relative pronoun to use. (in certain situations, WHAT, WHEN and WHERE can function as relative pronouns)
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There are two types of relative clauses: оқуды бастаңыз
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NON-DEFINING CLAUSES and DEFINING CLAUSES
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оқуды бастаңыз
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The information contained in defining clauses is ESSENTIAL. When deleted, it's nor clear who or what is being talked about. This type of clause is NOT separated by a COMMA.
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In this type of clause the relative pronouns used are: The woman who is pushing a stroller is her heroine оқуды бастаңыз
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For people: WHO, THAT (and WHOM followed by a preposition). For things: WHICH, THAT stroller: a chair on wheels in which a small child can be pushed along SYN buggy British English
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оқуды бастаңыз
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In non-defining clauses the information is NOT ESSENTIAL. When deleted, it's still clear who or what is being talked about. This type of clause is separated by a COMMA from the main clause.
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In this type of clause the relative pronouns used are: Exercise, which is supposed to be good for your health, is killing her. оқуды бастаңыз
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For people: WHO (and WHOM, WHOSE) For things: WHICH (and WHOSE)
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оқуды бастаңыз
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There are two voices in English: the active and the passive
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The dog bit Julianne's leg. оқуды бастаңыз
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describes what the subject does. The dog bit Julianne's leg.
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Julianne's leg was bitten by some dog. оқуды бастаңыз
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describes what is done to the subject. It's usually used when we don't know or are not interested in who performs the action. Julianne's leg was bitten by some dog.
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The passive voice is formed with: оқуды бастаңыз
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It can also be formed by: оқуды бастаңыз
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All the verb tenses can be expressed in passive voice. оқуды бастаңыз
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The concert will be performed next week. The concert has been performed already.
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оқуды бастаңыз
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to show the person or thing doing the action. The painting was made by a monkey.
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I would like him to be eaten too. оқуды бастаңыз
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The pigeons are eating a worm. Worms are eaten every day all over the world.
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оқуды бастаңыз
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I need a friend ASAP. She said she needed a friend ASAP. ASAP the abbreviation of as soon as possible
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There are two ways to repeat what another person said: оқуды бастаңыз
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DIRECT SPEECH and REPORTED SPEECH
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оқуды бастаңыз
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uses exact words in quotation marks. She said "I need a friend".
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оқуды бастаңыз
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She said she needed a friend.
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оқуды бастаңыз
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the past form of direct speech.
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оқуды бастаңыз
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She said she needed a friend.
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оқуды бастаңыз
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She said she was feeling alone.
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I've spent all Sundays watching TV. оқуды бастаңыз
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She said she had spent all Sunday watching TV.
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оқуды бастаңыз
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She said she would go to bed early.
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When direct speech uses a past form, оқуды бастаңыз
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reported speech doesn't change.
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оқуды бастаңыз
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I was looking for a better life. оқуды бастаңыз
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She said she was looking for a better life.
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