LEXIS 5 I 6

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a rule of thumb
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a general principle or method for calculating something
at face value
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to accept what you are told without thinking carefully first
be a pain in the neck
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be very annoying
be in the public eye
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someone who is in the public eye is seen a lot on television, written about in newspapers etc
face the music
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to be confronted with the unpleasant consequences of one's actions
go hand in hand
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to be closely connected
lose your head
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to lose control and not act in a calm way
turn a blind eye
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to ignore something that you know is wrong
chunky
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thick, solid, and heavy
legendary
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very famous and admired
musty
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having an unpleasant, old, or wet smell
rebellious
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deliberately not obeying people in authority or rules of behaviour
underlying
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the cause, idea etc that is the most important, although it is not easily noticed
unheard of
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something that is unheard of is so unusual that it has not happened or been known before
widespread
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existing or happening in many places or situations, or among many people
wiped out
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extremely tired
come off well (or badly)
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to happen as planned, or to succeed (or not)
come together
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to start working successfully with each other
come under (a heading)
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to be in a particular part of a book or information system
draw up
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to prepare a document
fit in with
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if something fits in with other things, it is similar to them or goes well with them
go against (instincts)
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to oppose or be in disagreement with something or someone
hold up (evidence/argument)
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if information holds up, it is proved to be true
iron out
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to put something into a finished state by solving problems, removing differences, or taking care of details
line up
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if you line up an event or activity, you arrange for it to happen
rush into
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to do something without first thinking carefully about it
show off
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to make it possible for others to see and admire something or someone
step up
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to take action when there is a need or opportunity for it
take on
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to start doing some work or start being responsible for something
wind round
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to wrap something around an object several times or twist it repeatedly around itself
boot
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an enclosed space at the back of a car, used for carrying bags etc
brand loyalty
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the tendency of some consumers to continue buying the same brand of goods rather than competing brands
eccentricity
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strange or unusual behaviour
glitch
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a small fault in a machine or piece of equipment, that stops it working
knock-on effect
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a process in which everything that happens causes something else to happen
lodgings
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a room in someone’s house which you live in and pay rent for
maze
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a complicated and confusing arrangement of streets, roads etc
nerd
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a person who is extremely interested in one subject, especially computers, and knows a lot of facts about it
nonconformity
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the quality of living and thinking in a way that is different from other people
scaffolding
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a set of poles and boards that are built into a structure for workers to stand on when they are working on the outside of a building
scrutiny
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careful and thorough examination of someone or something
soundtrack
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the recorded music from a film
spiral
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a line in the form of a curve that winds around a central point, moving further away from the centre all the time
stack
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a neat pile of things
swish
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a movement through the air with a soft sound
cash in (something)
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to exchange something such as an insurance policy for its value in money
face value
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the value or cost shown on the front of something such as a stamp or coin
go up in value
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to increase in price or worth
in circulation
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if something is in circulation, it is available
inflated (fare)
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inflated prices, amounts etc are high and unreasonable
loose change
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coins that a person is carrying
toss a coin
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to decide something by throwing a coin up in the air and seeing which side is shown after it lands
compromise
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to reach an agreement in which everyone involved accepts less than what they wanted at first
dapple
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to mark something with spots of colour, light, or shade
offload
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to get rid of something that you do not want by giving it or selling it to someone else
redesign
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to change the design of something
bear in mind
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used to tell someone they should not forget a fact or idea
it stands to reason
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used to say that something is clearly true
on the subject of
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used to refer back to something that has just been said and link it to what you are going to say next
peaks and troughs
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a regular series of high and low points
rub shoulders with
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to meet and spend time with people, especially rich and famous people
at a loose end
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to have nothing to do
at a stretch
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only with difficulty or in extreme circumstances
at first glance
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when you first look at something
at sixes and sevens
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disorganised and confused
by all accounts
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according to what a lot of people say
by default
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if something happens by default, it happens only because something else does not happen
by no means
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not at all
in action
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doing a particular job, activity, or sport
in conjunction with
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working, happening, or being used with someone or something else
in my element
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to be in a situation that you enjoy, because you are good at it
in no time
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very soon or very quickly
in turn
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as a result of something
in vain
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without success
at breakneck speed
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carelessly fast and dangerous
beyond recovery
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past a point that something or someone can get better
go out on a limb
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to do something risky or extreme, which puts you in a position of weakness
have a gut feeling
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to have a feeling that you are sure is right, although you cannot give a reason for it
have a mental block
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if you have a mental block about something, you cannot understand it or do it because something in your mind prevents you
in its entirety
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including every part
yours truly
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used humorously to mean yourself
anecdotal
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consisting of short stories based on someone’s personal experience
chronic
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a chronic problem is one that continues for a long time and cannot easily be solved
clear-cut
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certain or definite
continuously
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continuing to happen or exist without stopping
conventional
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a conventional method, product, practice etc has been used for a long time and is considered the usual type
defeatist
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behaving in a way that shows you expect to fail
flawed
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spoiled by having mistakes, weaknesses, or by being damaged
gory
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involving a lot of violence and blood
inaccessible
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difficult or impossible to reach
invaluable
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extremely useful
laughable
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something that is laughable is impossible to believe or be serious about, because it is so silly or bad
nostalgic
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if you feel nostalgic about a time in the past, you feel happy when you remember it, and in some ways you wish that things had not changed
pharmaceutical
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relating to the production of drugs and medicines
provoking
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causing mild anger; annoying
sighted
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someone who is sighted can see, and is not blind
squeamish
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easily shocked or upset, or easily made to feel sick by seeing unpleasant things
stationary
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standing still instead of moving
tactile
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if something is tactile, it has a surface that is pleasant or attractive to touch
undeniable
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definitely true or certain
undignified
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making you look silly and lose people's respect, especially because of not being controlled, serious, or calm
unmanageable
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difficult to control or deal with
curiosity
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the desire to know about something
dependence on
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the fact of needing someone or something in order to exist, be successful, healthy etc
dragonfly
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a brightly-coloured insect with a long thin body and transparent wings which lives near water
drought
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a long period of dry weather when there is not enough water for plants and animals to live
empathy
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the ability to understand other people’s feelings and problems
honeycomb
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a structure made by bees, which consists of many six-sided cells in which honey is stored
hunch
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a feeling you have that something is true or that something will happen, even if you have no information or proof
inflection
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the way the sound of your voice goes up and down when you are speaking
initiative
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an important new plan or process to achieve an aim or solve a problem
inscription
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words that are written or cut in something
proponent
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someone who supports something or persuades people to do something
quest
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a long search for something that is difficult to find
rivalry
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when people or groups try to show that they are better than each other
threshold
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the level at which something starts to happen or have an effect
tile
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a flat square piece of baked clay or other material, used for covering walls, floors etc
wax
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a solid substance made of fat or oil and used to make candles, polish etc
abound
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to exist in very large numbers
backtrack
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to change an opinion or promise that you gave so that it is not as strong as it was earlier
compile
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to make a book, list etc, using different pieces of information
outdo
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to be better or more successful than someone else at doing something
promote understanding
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to raise awareness or strengthen someone's understanding
topple
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to become unsteady and then fall over, or to make something do this
bypass
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to go around something
cater for
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to provide a particular group of people with the things they need or want
decommissioned
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if something (such as equipment) is decommissioned, it is taken out of use
drive the length of
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to travel by car from the beginning to the end of something (e.g. a particular road)
fall into disrepair
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buildings, roads etc that fall into disrepair degrade into an unusable condition because they have not been maintained
go off track
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to leave the planned route
gravel
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small stones, used to make a surface for paths, roads etc
head for
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to go or travel towards a particular place, especially in a deliberate way
make a diversion
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to stray from a planned route
memorabilia
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things that you keep or collect because they are connected with a famous person, event, or time
spring up
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to suddenly appear or start to exist
stretch
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an area of land or water, especially one that is long and narrow
trading post
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a small place, especially in the past, far from other places in which people live, where goods can be bought and sold or exchanged
circumference
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the distance or measurement around the outside of a circle or any round shape
diameter
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a straight line from one side of a circle to the other side, passing through the centre of the circle, or the length of this line
hexagon
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a flat shape with six sides
miniscule
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very small
radius
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the distance from the centre to the edge of a circle, or a line drawn from the centre to the edge
rhombus
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a shape with four equal straight sides, especially one that is not a square
symmetrical
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an object or design that is symmetrical has two halves that are exactly the same shape and size
technological
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related to technology
familiarise (someone) with
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to learn about something so that you know it well
humorous
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funny and enjoyable
misconception
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an idea which is wrong or untrue, but which people believe because they do not understand the subject properly
purport
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to claim to be or do something, even if this is not true
scare someone half to death
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to shock or frighten someone very suddenly and/or severely
gullibility
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the quality of being easily tricked
come across as
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if someone comes across in a particular way, they seem to have particular qualities
come on
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if an illness comes on, you start to be ill with it
come over
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if someone comes over, they visit you at your house
come round (after an operation)
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to become conscious again
come under (a lot of pressure)
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if you come under something, you suddenly experience or suffer it
come up
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if a problem comes up, it suddenly happens
exemplify
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to be a very typical example of something
in all likelihood
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almost certainly
get the impression (that)
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to form an opinion or feeling about someone or something
(there's) no indication (that)
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an indication is a sign, remark, event etc that shows what is happening, what someone is thinking or feeling, or what is true
commemorative (coin)
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done or made to officially remember and give respect to a great person or event
busk
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to play music in a public place in order to earn money
to die for
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used when saying that something is very good
advise against
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to tell someone not to do (something)
understaffing
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understaffing is a situation in which an organisation does not have enough employees to do its work properly
accommodating
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helpful and willing to do what someone else wants
query
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to express doubt about whether something is true or correct
well equipped (with)
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supplied with all the necessary equipment
locality
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a small area of a country, city etc
shrub
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a small bush with several woody stems
gale
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a very strong wind
riverside
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the land along the sides of a river
a matter of urgency
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very important and needing to be dealt with immediately
squeeze out
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to force (someone or something) out of a position, place, etc
short-sighted (approach)
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not considering the possible effects in the future of something that seems good now
noticeable
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easy to notice
debatable
оқуды бастаңыз
an idea, fact, or decision that is debatable may be right but it could easily be wrong
justifiable
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actions, reactions, decisions etc that are justifiable are acceptable because they are done for good reasons
edible
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something that is edible can be eaten
profitable
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producing a profit or a useful result
defensible
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a defensible opinion, idea, or action seems reasonable, and you can easily support it
alternatively
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used for suggesting something different
assumption
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something that you think is true although you have no definite proof
beneficial
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helpful or useful
endurance
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the ability to continue doing something difficult or painful
implication
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a possible future effect or result of an action, event, decision etc
removal
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when something is taken away or someone gets rid of it
mistaken belief
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a misconception; misunderstanding
get hooked on
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if you are hooked on something, you like it a lot and want to continue doing it
double-book
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to promise the same seat in a theatre, on a plane etc to more than one person by mistake
intriguing
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something that is intriguing is very interesting because it is strange, mysterious, or unexpected
chore
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a small job that you have to do regularly, especially work that you do to keep a house clean
fade
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to gradually disappear
it’s no skin off somebody’s nose
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used to say that someone does not care or does not have a strong opinion about something
your (own) flesh and blood
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someone who is part of your family
jump down someone’s throat
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to suddenly speak angrily to someone
be all ears
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to be very keen to hear what someone is going to tell you
toe the line
оқуды бастаңыз
to do what other people in a job or organisation say you should do, whether you agree with them or not
be an old hand (at something)
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to have a lot of experience of doing something
scratch someone’s back
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to do something that helps someone else but that is often difficult to do and with the expectation of help in return
in an uproar
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with a lot of noise or angry protest about something
on second thoughts
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used to say that you have changed your mind about something
at a standstill
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in a situation in which all movement or activity has stopped
on impulse
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if you do something on impulse, you suddenly decide to do it, without planning it
out of stock
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(of goods) unavailable for immediate sale in a shop
to someone's credit
оқуды бастаңыз
used for saying that someone deserves praise
on good terms
оқуды бастаңыз
if two people are on good terms, they are friendly with each other
in line with
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according to or following something such as a rule or principle

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