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сұрақ жауап
a roof or vault, usually hemispherical in form (kopuła)
оқуды бастаңыз
dome
an arched structure of stone or masonry forming a ceiling (sklepienie łukowe)
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vault
a structural device used to support a dome over a square plan (żagielek)
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pendentive
a framework of diagonal arches, based on the pointed arch (sklepienie krzyżowo-żebrowe)
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rib vault
a semicircular or polygonal termination of a basilican church (absyda)
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apse
the focal point of the church placed in the apse (ołtarz główny)
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the main altar
side nave (nawa boczna)
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aisle
an arch with a pointed crown, typical of the Gothic (ostrołuk, łuk ostry)
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the pointed arch
the central part of a church building, designed to accommodate the congregation at mass (nawa główna)
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the (main) nave
half a dome (półkopuła)
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semi-dome
an arch made of a semicircle (łuk okrągły)
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rounded arch
a 3D, usually heavy and bulky, shape (bryła)
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volume
collective noun for priests and monks (duchowieństwo, kler)
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clergy
a roofed hall with a wide nave and side aisles used in ancient Rome for business transactions and legal proceedings, in early Christian culture adopted for religious purposes
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basilica
a vault produced by two barrel vaults intersecting at the right angle (sklepienie krzyżowe)
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groin vault
further work on the details of something, done with great care and attention (dopracowanie, cyzelowanie)
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elaboration
the cross axis of the medieval church separating the main nave from the choir and the apse (nawa poprzeczna, transept)
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transept
the part of the church only for the clergy, east of the crossing (chór)
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choir
the semicircular termination of the apse (obejście)
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ambulatory
a smaller altar in the transept or a chapel (ołtarz boczny)
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subaltar
an enclosed passage between the main entrance and the nave of a church (przedsionek)
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narthex
the simplest form of vault, a continuous vault of semicircular arches uninterrupted by a cross vault (sklepienie kolebkowe)
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barrel vault
the most complex type of vault characteristic of the late Gothic, featured mostly in England (sklepienie wachlarzowe)
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fan vault
a projecting support built into or against the outside of a masonry wall to counteract the thrust operating on the arches of the ceiling (przypora)
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buttress
an external support in the form of an elaborate arch counteracting the thrust of the vaulted ceiling; characteristic of the Gothic style in architecture (łuk przyporowy)
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flying buttress
tall, thin and graceful (wysmukły)
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slender
giving the impression of flying upwards; used to characterise Gothic cathedrals (strzelisty)
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soaring
a round stained glass window in the centre of the west front of a Gothic cathedral, usually depicting the Judgement Day (rozeta)
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rose window
a spout for carrying rainwater from the roof, finished in a grotesque and often scary representation of a monster figure with open mouth (gargulec, rzygacz)
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gargoyle
windows in churches made of a mosaic of coloured glass pieces, often telling a biblical story (witraż)
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stained glass windows
a decorated element projecting from a wall, usually supporting some member above it, e.g. balcony or columns (kroksztyn, konsola)
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corbel
a window with decorative stone or masonry partitions in its upper part (okno z maswerkiem)
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tracery window
a row of windows in the upper part of the main nave wall (rząd okien w górnej części najczęściej nawy głównej)
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clerestory
mieszkanie, lokal mieszkalny
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dwelling
dom wolnostojący
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detached house
bliźniak, dom w zabudowie bliźniaczej
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semi-detached house (semi)
bliźniak, dom w zabudowie bliźniaczej
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duplex (AmE)
szeregowiec, dom w zabudowie szeregowej
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terraced house (terrace)
szeregowiec, dom w zabudowie szeregowej
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row house (AmE)
dom w stylu alpejskim
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chalet
okap dachu
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eave
dom parterowy, bungalow
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bungalow
pseudo-rezydencja
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McMansion
jeden z wielu identycznych domów na osiedlu
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cookie-cutter house
dom z dominującym garażem na fasadzie frontowej
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snout house
budownictwo jednorodzinne
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single-family housing (development)
budownictwo mieszkaniowe
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residential development
działka, wydzielony kawałek ziemi
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a plot (of land)
drabina rynku nieruchomości
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property ladder
wzmocnić (stężyć) budowlę
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tighten (the structure)
wodoodporny
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waterproof
pianka poliuretanowa
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polyurethane foam
szkło przyciemniające
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dimming glass
most zwodzony
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draw-bridge
okiennice (przesuwne)
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(sliding) shutters
ogrodzenie typu "elektryczny pastuch"
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electric herding fence
podsufitka, podbitka
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soffit
paroizolacja
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vapour barrier
szyba okienna
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glass (window) pane
pastwisko
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pasture
kratownica, wiązar dachu
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truss
dach dwuspadowy
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pitched roof
kalenica
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ridge (line)
rynny
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gutters
dach jednospadowy
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mono-pitch / lean-to / shed roof
dach dwuspadowy (ze ścianami szczytowymi)
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gable roof
ściana szczytowa
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gable (wall)
dach czterospadowy
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hip (hipped) roof
dach mansardowy (czterospadowy)
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mansard roof
dach mansardowy (dwuspadowy)
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gambrel roof
dach naczółkowy
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half-hip / dipped gable / jerkinhead roof
dach półszczytowy
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gablet roof (Dutch gable roof)
podwójne szklenie
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double glazing
oszklenie
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glazing
zawiasy
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hinges
okno na zawiasach (skrzydłowe)
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casement window
okno otwierane pionowo (podnoszone)
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hung window
okno podnoszone ze szprosami (szczeblinami)
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sash window
szczeblina (szpros)
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glazing bar / sash bar
świetlik (okno w dachu)
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skylight
okno mansardowe
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dormer window
lukarna
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dormer
rama okienna
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window frame
parametryzm
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parametricism
art deco
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art deco
połączenie klasycyzmu i neoklasycyzmu
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beaux art
Sklepienie wachlarzowe
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Fan vault
Sklepienie kolebkowe
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Barrel vault
Sklepienie krzyżowe
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Cross vault
Sklepienie krzyżowo-żebrowe
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Cross-ribbed vault
Jałowa, wysuszona, spalona słoncem pustynia
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barren, parched and sun-baked desert
forma
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mould
pręt zbrojeniowy
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rebar
umocnienie ukośne
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diagonal bracing
powierzchnia budynku na ziemi
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footprint
przypora
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buttress
sześciokątny rdzeń
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hexagonal core
siły skręcające / moment obrotowy
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twisting forces / torque
błyszczące, lustrzane szkło
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glistering, mirrored glass
piaskowiec i wapień
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sandstone and limestone
tarcie
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friction
palowanie
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piling
pal oparty (na ziemi macierzystej)
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end-bearing pile
pal zawieszony
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skin friction pile
obciążenie żywe (zmienne)
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live load
obciążenie własne
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dead load
fundamenty
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foundations

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