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content words
оқуды бастаңыз
words that possess semantic content and contribute to the meaning of the sentence in which they occur.
function words
оқуды бастаңыз
words that express gramatical relationship. have little lexical meaning
carefull speech
оқуды бастаңыз
when every sound is produced carefully
fast speech
оқуды бастаңыз
when sounds that would be pronounced in slow, careful speech seem to disappear
intonation unit
оқуды бастаңыз
is a piece of utterance, a continuous stream of sounds, bounded by a fairly perceptible pause
consonant cluster
оқуды бастаңыз
where two or more consonant sounds appear in a word with no intervening vowels
clipping
оқуды бастаңыз
clippingthe process of shortening the articulation of a phonetic segment
compression
оқуды бастаңыз
the consonant sound blends with the preceding or following syllable instead of creating its own syllable
coalescence
оқуды бастаңыз
a sound change where two or more segments with distinctive features merge into a single segment
hiatus
оқуды бастаңыз
the occurrence of two separate vowel sounds in adjacent syllables with no intervening consonant
tonic stress
оқуды бастаңыз
refers to the syllable in a word which receives the most stress in an intonation unit. An intonation unit has one tonic stress.
syllabic nucleus
оқуды бастаңыз
the vowel of a syllable
regressive assimilation
оқуды бастаңыз
given sound is influenced by the sound after it (characteristic for English pronunciation)
progressive assimilation
оқуды бастаңыз
given sound is influenced by the sound before it
pitch
оқуды бастаңыз
the pitch of a sound wave is basically just the frequency of that particular sound wave
loudness
оқуды бастаңыз
the sense of loudness is related to the strength of the localised sound wave
quality
оқуды бастаңыз
The quality of a sound is that feature that distinguishes the two sounds of equal loudness and equal pitch

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