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Finish the sentence: it is not the text in itself that has a function оқуды бастаңыз
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rather, a text acquires its function in a situation in which it is received.
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оқуды бастаңыз
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One who mediates between cultures (the sender and the recipient need a mediator in communication)
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What is the foundation of Nord's approach? оқуды бастаңыз
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Translation depends on the function and purpose that is involvedd in the text.
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оқуды бастаңыз
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... the most important aspect in translation. It determines the way we understand each other. If the translator doesn't know the culture, it's better not to translate at all.
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What is the most important prerequisite of a translator? оқуды бастаңыз
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To have sufficient knowledge of both cultures.
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Translators abilities are: оқуды бастаңыз
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1. The ability of abstraction 2. decision 3. transfer 4. criticism
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The function of the ... is not arrived at automatically from an analysis of the ... but it is ... by the purpose of the... оқуды бастаңыз
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target text / source text / pragmatically defined / intercultural context
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What is the main point of the functional approach? оқуды бастаңыз
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The intended function or skopos of the target text as determined by the initiator's needs that operate the translation process.
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Text function is determined by... оқуды бастаңыз
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... the situation in which the text serves as an instrument of communication.
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The ... should contains as much information as possible about the ... of the... оқуды бастаңыз
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translation brief / situational factors / prospective TT reception
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What are factors of source text analysis? оқуды бастаңыз
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Extratextual and intratextual factors
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What are extratextual factors оқуды бастаңыз
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sender + intention, audience, medium, place of communication, text function, time, motive
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What are intratextual factors? оқуды бастаңыз
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subject matter, content, presuppositions, text composition, non-verbal elements, lexis, sentence structure, suprasegmental features
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Possible relations between ST & TT: оқуды бастаңыз
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fidelity-liberty-equivalence; skopos and intertextual coherence; intercultural cooperation; functionality + loyalty
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... is the production of a ... maintaining a ... that is specified according to the... or ... of the target text (translation skopos). оқуды бастаңыз
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translation / functional target text / a relationship with a given source text / intended / demanded function
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Translation allows a ... to take place, which, because of existing ... would not have been possible without it. оқуды бастаңыз
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communicative act / linguistic and cultural barriers
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