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1. Operations оқуды бастаңыз		The activities involved in the production and delivery of goods or services using resources like labor, materials, and machinery.
2. Quality оқуды бастаңыз		The degree to which a product or service meets certain standards or satisfies customer expectations.
3. Cost оқуды бастаңыз		The total expenditure required to produce a product, including materials, labor, and overhead.
4. Dependability оқуды бастаңыз		The ability to deliver products or services reliably and consistently on time.
5. Flexibility оқуды бастаңыз		The ability to adapt to changes in volume, product variety, or delivery requirements.
6. Speed (Throughput) оқуды бастаңыз		The rate at which products are produced and delivered to customers.
7. Lead-time оқуды бастаңыз		The time between placing an order and receiving the product.
8. Time-to-market оқуды бастаңыз		The time taken to develop a product from concept to launch.
9. Procurement оқуды бастаңыз		The process of sourcing and purchasing goods and services from suppliers.
10. Supply chain оқуды бастаңыз		A network of suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors involved in producing and delivering a product.
11. Logistics оқуды бастаңыз		The organization and implementation of transporting goods from one place to another.
12. Inventory оқуды бастаңыз		The raw materials, work-in-progress, and finished goods a company holds for future use or sale.
13. Feasibility оқуды бастаңыз		An assessment of how practical or achievable a project or plan is.
14. Vulnerability оқуды бастаңыз		The degree of risk or potential problems in a process or plan.
15. Standardization оқуды бастаңыз		Limiting variety by making uniform products or processes.
16. Commonality оқуды бастаңыз		The use of shared components or parts across different products.
17. Modularization оқуды бастаңыз		Designing products using separate interchangeable components.
18. Concept brief оқуды бастаңыз		A short document outlining the goals, features, and purpose of a new product idea.
19. Roll-out оқуды бастаңыз		The gradual introduction of a new product to the market.
20. First-tier supplier оқуды бастаңыз		A company that directly supplies products to the manufacturer.
21. Second-tier supplier оқуды бастаңыз		A company that supplies materials to the first-tier supplier.
22. Throughput оқуды бастаңыз		The amount of work or production completed in a given time.
23. Virtual operation оқуды бастаңыз		A business model where temporary teams or suppliers are used for a specific project.
24. Bill of materials оқуды бастаңыз		A list of raw materials, components, and instructions needed to manufacture a product.
25. E-procurement оқуды бастаңыз		Purchasing goods and services using digital platforms or the internet.
26. JIT (Just-in-time) оқуды бастаңыз		A production method that reduces inventory by receiving goods only as they are needed.
27. Lean operations оқуды бастаңыз		A management approach focused on reducing waste and improving efficiency.
28. Kaizen оқуды бастаңыз		A Japanese term meaning continuous improvement in all aspects of a business.
29. TQM (Total Quality Management) оқуды бастаңыз		A comprehensive approach where all employees work toward improving quality.
30. Six Sigma оқуды бастаңыз		A data-driven method for eliminating defects and improving quality, aiming for fewer than 3.4 defects per million items.
31. Capacity оқуды бастаңыз		The maximum output that a company can produce under normal conditions.
32. Control of inventory оқуды бастаңыз		Managing stock levels to ensure materials are available without overstocking.
33. Perpetual inventory system оқуды бастаңыз		A system that automatically tracks inventory in real-time.
34. Batch production оқуды бастаңыз		A production method where products are made in groups or batches.
35. Mass production оқуды бастаңыз		The large-scale manufacturing of standardized products.
36. Job production оқуды бастаңыз		A production method where a single product is made at a time, often customized.
37. Project production оқуды бастаңыз		A method used for complex, one-off products like construction or shipbuilding.
38. EPOS (Electronic Point of Sale) оқуды бастаңыз		A computerized system used in retail to process sales and update inventory.
39. RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) оқуды бастаңыз		A technology used to identify and track items using radio waves.
40. Industrial robots оқуды бастаңыз		Automated machines used in manufacturing to perform repetitive tasks like welding, assembling, or painting.
41. RFID tags (Radio Frequency Identification) оқуды бастаңыз		Tags used to track items through radio signals, improving inventory control and traceability.
42. EPOS (Electronic Point of Sale) оқуды бастаңыз		Systems used in retail that record sales and update stock levels in real-time.
43. Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) оқуды бастаңыз		A company that produces parts and equipment that may be marketed by another manufacturer.
44. Outsourcing оқуды бастаңыз		Hiring an external company to perform services or create goods that were traditionally done in-house.
45. Grants and subsidies оқуды бастаңыз		Financial aid provided by the government to support businesses.
46. Infrastructure оқуды бастаңыз		Basic physical systems like roads, railways, and utilities needed for business operations.
47. Proximity to suppliers/customers оқуды бастаңыз		The physical closeness to suppliers or customers, affecting logistics efficiency and service speed.
48. Environmental considerations оқуды бастаңыз		Concerns about how business activities affect the natural environment.
49. Screening оқуды бастаңыз		The process of evaluating if a product idea is good and fits company goals.
50. Preliminary design оқуды бастаңыз		Early version of a product design used for concept development.
51. Evaluation and improvement оқуды бастаңыз		Assessing and refining product ideas and processes.
52. Prototyping оқуды бастаңыз		Creating a sample version of a product to test its design and functionality.
53. Factory layout оқуды бастаңыз		The physical arrangement of machinery, equipment, and workers in a production facility.
54. Packaging issues оқуды бастаңыз		Considerations about how products are packed, including protection, cost, and branding.
55. Changeover time оқуды бастаңыз		The time required to switch from producing one product to another in manufacturing.
56. Set-up time оқуды бастаңыз		Time taken to prepare machines or equipment before production can begin.
57. Downtime оқуды бастаңыз		Periods when production is halted, often due to equipment failure or changeovers.
58. Work-in-progress (WIP) оқуды бастаңыз		Items that are in the process of being manufactured but are not yet finished.
59. Job/batch/continuous/mass production оқуды бастаңыз		Different types of manufacturing processes depending on scale and customization.
60. Kanban оқуды бастаңыз		A lean method that uses visual signals (like cards or software) to control production and inventory.
61. Forecasting оқуды бастаңыз		Predicting future customer demand to plan production and inventory.
62. Capacity utilization оқуды бастаңыз		The percentage of a factory’s total potential output that is actually being used.
63. Overtime оқуды бастаңыз		Time worked beyond the regular working hours, often paid at a higher rate.
64. Subcontracting оқуды бастаңыз		Hiring another company to carry out part of the production process.
65. Inventory system оқуды бастаңыз		Methods and software used to monitor stock levels and reorder materials automatically.
66. Benchmarking оқуды бастаңыз		Comparing one’s business processes and performance metrics to industry bests or best practices from other companies.

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