reading & writing: fill in the blanks 550 - 750

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biomass
Wood is a common form of biomass.
or recently living organisms
оқуды бастаңыз
organic matter derived from living
disdain
оқуды бастаңыз
a feeling of contempt or scorn for somebody or something regarded as unworthy or inferior
She looked at him with disdain.
apes
оқуды бастаңыз
a large primate that lacks a tail chimpanzees and orangutans
constitutional
оқуды бастаңыз
in accordance with or authorized by the constitution of a state or society
The law was deemed constitutional.
alpine
оқуды бастаңыз
relating to or found in high mountains
Alpine flowers bloom in the summer.
gloppy
оқуды бастаңыз
thick and sticky
The gloppy mud stuck to his boots.
womb
оқуды бастаңыз
the uterus of a woman or other female mammal during pregnancy
The baby developed in the womb.
remedy
оқуды бастаңыз
a medicine or treatment for a disease or injury
There is no known remedy for the common cold.
utility
оқуды бастаңыз
the state of being useful
The utility of the tool was evident.
tenet
оқуды бастаңыз
a principle or belief
One tenet of their belief is nonviolence.
crew
The aircraft crew prepared for takeoff.
especially on a ship or aircraft
оқуды бастаңыз
a group of people who work together
aesthetic
оқуды бастаңыз
concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty
The building has an aesthetic appeal.
deficit
оқуды бастаңыз
the amount by which something
The company had a budget deficit.
skeptics
оқуды бастаңыз
a person who questions or doubts accepted opinions
Skeptics doubted the new theory.
lofted
оқуды бастаңыз
to kick
He lofted the ball over the fence.
alchemists
оқуды бастаңыз
a person who practiced alchemy
phosphorus was discovered by German alchemist Hennig Brand in 1669
repels
оқуды бастаңыз
drive or force back (an attack or attacker)
The spray repels mosquitoes.
cull
оқуды бастаңыз
select from a large quantity; obtain from a variety of sources
They culled information from various sources.
eking
оқуды бастаңыз
manage to make a living with difficulty
They were eking out a living.
catalyze
оқуды бастаңыз
cause or accelerate (a reaction) by acting as a catalyst
The enzyme catalyzes the reaction.
dispatched
оқуды бастаңыз
send off to a destination or for a purpose
The police were dispatched to the scene.
naked
оқуды бастаңыз
without clothes or covering
The child ran naked through the garden.
cosmic
оқуды бастаңыз
relating to the universe or cosmos
The cosmic event was spectacular.
calves
оқуды бастаңыз
the fleshy part of the back of the leg below the knee
He strained his calves during the run.
carbon
оқуды бастаңыз
the chemical element of atomic number 6
Carbon is essential for life.
fade
оқуды бастаңыз
gradually grow faint and disappear
The colors began to fade.
conversely
оқуды бастаңыз
introducing a statement or idea which reverses one previously given or referred to
anthropology
оқуды бастаңыз
the study of human societies and cultures and their development
Anthropology explores human origins.
source
person
оқуды бастаңыз
a place
The river's source is in the mountains.
or thing from which something comes or can be obtained
impact
оқуды бастаңыз
the action of one object coming forcibly into contact with another
The asteroid impact caused a crater.
consumption
оқуды бастаңыз
the using up of a resource
Energy consumption has increased.
curb
оқуды бастаңыз
restrain or check
They tried to curb spending.
canine
оқуды бастаңыз
relating to or resembling a dog or dogs
The canine teeth are sharp.
ecological
оқуды бастаңыз
relating to or concerned with the relation of living organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings
Ecological balance is crucial.
quantum
оқуды бастаңыз
a discrete quantity of energy proportional in magnitude to the frequency of the radiation it represents
Quantum physics is complex.
affect
оқуды бастаңыз
have an effect on; make a difference to
The weather affected the crops.
persist
оқуды бастаңыз
continue firmly or obstinately in an opinion or a course of action in spite of difficulty or opposition
The rain persisted all day.
peer
оқуды бастаңыз
a person of the same age or having the same social status as oneself
He was pressured by his peers.
derived
оқуды бастаңыз
obtain something from (a specified source)
The word is derived from Latin.
comparable
оқуды бастаңыз
able to be likened to another; similar
The two cars are comparable in size.
aquatic
оқуды бастаңыз
relating to water
Aquatic plants grow in water.
breadth
оқуды бастаңыз
the distance or measurement from side to side; width
The breadth of the river was impressive.
degradation
оқуды бастаңыз
the condition or process of degrading or being degraded
Environmental degradation is a serious issue.
incidence
crime
rate
оқуды бастаңыз
the occurrence
or something else undesirable
or frequency of a disease
hybrid
оқуды бастаңыз
something of mixed origin or composition
The car is a hybrid.
obscure
оқуды бастаңыз
not discovered or known about; uncertain
The origins of the tradition are obscure.
coincidence
оқуды бастаңыз
a remarkable concurrence of events or circumstances without apparent causal connection
It was a strange coincidence.
chemical
оқуды бастаңыз
relating to or resulting from chemistry
Chemical reactions produce heat.
decrease
or degree
amount
оқуды бастаңыз
make or become smaller or fewer in size
intensity
demise
оқуды бастаңыз
death or the end of something
The demise of the company was sudden.
demographic
оқуды бастаңыз
relating to the structure of populations
Demographic changes impact society.
beverage
оқуды бастаңыз
a drink other than water
They offered a variety of beverages.
concentrate
оқуды бастаңыз
focus all one's attention or efforts on a particular object or activity
Concentrate on your studies.
construct
or machine)
typically a building
оқуды бастаңыз
build or erect (something
road
boundary
оқуды бастаңыз
a line that marks the limits of an area; a dividing line
The river forms the boundary.
curriculum
оқуды бастаңыз
the subjects comprising a course of study in a school or college
The school has a broad curriculum.
bolster
оқуды бастаңыз
support or strengthen; prop up
They bolstered their defenses.
equip
оқуды бастаңыз
supply with the necessary items for a particular purpose
The soldiers were equipped with rifles.
campaign
оқуды бастаңыз
an organized course of action to achieve a goal
The election campaign was intense.
levy
оқуды бастаңыз
impose (a tax
They levied a tax on imports.
expect
оқуды бастаңыз
regard (something) as likely to happen
They expect rain.
sight
оқуды бастаңыз
the ability to see
Her sight was poor.
collide
оқуды бастаңыз
hit with force when moving
The cars collided at the intersection.
consists
assert that something is the case
оқуды бастаңыз
be composed or made up of
typically without providing evidence or proof
The team consists of five players. claimed
substitute
оқуды бастаңыз
a person or thing taking the place of another
Use a substitute for sugar.
burial
оқуды бастаңыз
the act or ceremony of burying a dead person or thing
The burial took place in the cemetery.
equator
оқуды бастаңыз
an imaginary line drawn around the earth equally distant from both poles
The equator is at 0 degrees latitude.
whilst
оқуды бастаңыз
while
He read whilst she wrote.
conventions
оқуды бастаңыз
a way in which something is usually done; a custom
They followed social conventions.
elaborate
оқуды бастаңыз
involving many carefully arranged parts or details; detailed and complicated in design and planning
They made elaborate preparations.
govern
оқуды бастаңыз
conduct the policy
he was incapable of governing the country
literate
оқуды бастаңыз
able to read and write
She is literate in several languages.
disarray
оқуды бастаңыз
a state of disorganization or untidiness
The room was in disarray.
emulate
оқуды бастаңыз
match or surpass (a person or achievement)
They tried to emulate their hero.
escaped
оқуды бастаңыз
break free from confinement or control
The prisoner escaped.
prone
оқуды бастаңыз
likely to or liable to suffer from
He is prone to accidents.
expert
оқуды бастаңыз
a person who has a comprehensive and authoritative knowledge of or skill in a particular area
She is an expert in her field.
counterfeit
оқуды бастаңыз
made in exact imitation of something valuable or important with the intention to deceive or defraud
They sold counterfeit money.
dozen
оқуды бастаңыз
a group or set of twelve
He bought a dozen eggs.
timber
оқуды бастаңыз
wood prepared for use as building material
They used timber to build the house.
erupted
оқуды бастаңыз
or be violently ejected from a volcano or other vent
Mount Pinatubo began erupting in June
abandon
оқуды бастаңыз
cease to support or look after (someone); desert
They abandoned the project.
fecundity
оқуды бастаңыз
the ability to produce an abundance of offspring or new growth; fertility
The soil's fecundity led to a good harvest.
census
оқуды бастаңыз
an official count or survey of a population
They conducted a census of the population.
translucent
оқуды бастаңыз
allowing light
The glass was translucent.
abide
оқуды бастаңыз
accept or act in accordance with (a rule
They must abide by the rules.
schisms
оқуды бастаңыз
a split or division between strongly opposed sections or parties
The church suffered from schisms.
diligence
оқуды бастаңыз
careful and persistent work or effort
He showed diligence in his studies.
oases
оқуды бастаңыз
a fertile spot in a desert where water is found
They found oases in the desert.
denigrated
оқуды бастаңыз
criticize unfairly; disparage
His work was denigrated by critics.
truancy
оқуды бастаңыз
the action of staying away from school without good reason; absenteeism
Truancy is a problem in some schools.
entomophagous
оқуды бастаңыз
insect-eating
Entomophagous birds eat insects.
complicated
оқуды бастаңыз
consisting of many interconnecting parts or elements; intricate
The instructions were complicated.
concept
оқуды бастаңыз
an abstract idea; a general notion
They discussed the concept of justice.
deaf
оқуды бастаңыз
lacking the power of hearing
She is deaf in one ear.
swung
оқуды бастаңыз
move or be moved to and fro
The door swung open.
descendants
оқуды бастаңыз
a person, plant, or animal that is descended from a particular ancestor.
Shakespeare's last direct descendant
boost
оқуды бастаңыз
help or encourage (something) to increase or improve
They tried to boost morale.
botany
оқуды бастаңыз
the scientific study of plants
transition
оқуды бастаңыз
the process or a period of changing from one state or condition to another
The transition to adulthood is challenging.
culture
and achievements of a particular nation
arts
оқуды бастаңыз
the customs
people
social institutions
exploration
оқуды бастаңыз
the action of traveling in or through an unfamiliar area in order to learn about it
They went on an exploration of the jungle.
territory
оқуды бастаңыз
an area of land under the jurisdiction of a ruler or state
They defended their territory.
entirely
оқуды бастаңыз
wholly; completely
The project was entirely successful.
challenge
оқуды бастаңыз
a call to someone to engage in a contest or fight
They accepted the challenge.
domestic
оқуды бастаңыз
relating to the running of a home or to family relations
They had domestic chores.
accommodate
оқуды бастаңыз
provide lodging or sufficient space for
The hotel can accommodate many guests.
diversity
оқуды бастаңыз
the state of being diverse; variety
The city has a great diversity of cultures.
confusion
оқуды бастаңыз
lack of clarity or order; confusion
There was confusion after the accident.
fear
likely to cause pain
оқуды бастаңыз
an unpleasant emotion caused by the belief that someone or something is dangerous
They felt fear in the dark.
or a threat
neural
оқуды бастаңыз
relating to nerves or the nervous system
They studied neural pathways.
control
оқуды бастаңыз
the power to influence or direct people's behavior or the course of events
They had control over the situation.
constantly
оқуды бастаңыз
continuously over a period of time; always
They were constantly arguing.
entire
оқуды бастаңыз
with no part left out; whole
They ate the entire cake.
advancement
status
оқуды бастаңыз
the process of promoting or progressing in rank
They sought advancement in their careers.
or importance
desired
оқуды бастаңыз
wished for; wanted
They achieved the desired result.
altered
оқуды бастаңыз
changed or modified
The plans were altered.
legumes
оқуды бастаңыз
a leguminous plant (member of the pea family), especially one grown as a crop.
he sows a mixture of grasses and legumes
linguistic
оқуды бастаңыз
relating to language or linguistics
They studied linguistic patterns.
controversial
оқуды бастаңыз
giving rise to public disagreement; disputable
The decision was controversial.
deepen
оқуды бастаңыз
make or become deep or deeper
They tried to deepen their understanding.
careers
оқуды бастаңыз
an occupation undertaken for a significant period of a person's life and with opportunities for progress
They had successful careers.
conquer
оқуды бастаңыз
overcome and take control of (a place or people) by use of military force
They conquered the enemy.
nurture
оқуды бастаңыз
care for and encourage the growth or development of
They tried to nurture the plants.
buried
оқуды бастаңыз
placed or hidden underground
They buried the treasure.
treasure
gems
оқуды бастаңыз
precious metals
They found buried treasure.
or other valuable objects
dough
оқуды бастаңыз
a thick, malleable mixture of flour and liquid, used for baking into bread or pastry.
They kneaded the dough.
taught
оқуды бастаңыз
impart knowledge to or instruct (someone) as to how to do something
They taught the children to read.
characteristics
оқуды бастаңыз
a feature or quality belonging typically to a person
They studied the characteristics of the species.
components
оқуды бастаңыз
a part or element of a larger whole
They assembled the components.
hormone
оқуды бастаңыз
a regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action
Hormones affect growth.
obvious
self-evident
оқуды бастаңыз
easily perceived or understood; clear
It was obvious that they were lying.
or apparent
breed
оқуды бастаңыз
mate and then produce offspring
They breed cattle.
substance
оқуды бастаңыз
a particular kind of matter with uniform properties
They analyzed the substance.
relieve
distress
оқуды бастаңыз
cause (pain
They tried to relieve the pain.
or difficulty) to become less severe or serious
elevator
оқуды бастаңыз
a platform or compartment housed in a shaft for raising and lowering people or things to different floors
They took the elevator to the top floor.
worn
оқуды бастаңыз
damaged by continued use or too much use
The shoes were worn out.
gaffes
оқуды бастаңыз
an unintentional act or remark causing embarrassment to its originator; a blunder
They made many gaffes.
toxic
оқуды бастаңыз
poisonous
The substance was toxic.
resist
оқуды бастаңыз
withstand the action or effect of
They tried to resist the change.
eligible
оқуды бастаңыз
qualified or entitled to be chosen
They were eligible for the award.
sailor
The sailor went to sea.
especially one who is not an officer
оқуды бастаңыз
a person who works as a member of the crew of a commercial or naval ship or boat
conclusions
оқуды бастаңыз
the end or finish of an event or process
They came to conclusions.
harnessing
оқуды бастаңыз
control and make use of (natural resources)
They were harnessing solar power.
curve
оқуды бастаңыз
a line or outline that gradually deviates from being straight for some or all of its length
The road had a curve.
amnesty
оқуды бастаңыз
an official pardon for people who have been convicted of political offenses
They granted amnesty to the prisoners.
charity
оқуды бастаңыз
an organization set up to provide help and raise money for those in need
They donated to charity.
couture
оқуды бастаңыз
the design and manufacture of fashionable clothes to a client's specific requirements and measurements
They wore high couture.
commodity
оқуды бастаңыз
a raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold
They traded commodities.
communicable
оқуды бастаңыз
able to be transmitted from one person or species to another; contagious
The disease is communicable.
refutes
оқуды бастаңыз
prove (a statement or theory) to be wrong or false; disprove
The evidence refutes the claim.
commission
command
оқуды бастаңыз
an instruction
They received a commission to build the bridge.
or duty given to a person or group of people
briefly
оқуды бастаңыз
for a short time; in a few words
He spoke briefly about the issue.
guardian
оқуды бастаңыз
a person who protects or defends something
The guardian protected the treasure.
noxious
оқуды бастаңыз
harmful, poisonous, or very unpleasant.
The fumes were noxious.
continent
оқуды бастаңыз
any of the world's main continuous expanses of land (Africa
Asia
famine
оқуды бастаңыз
extreme scarcity of food
The famine caused widespread suffering.
endurance
оқуды бастаңыз
the capacity of something to last or to withstand wear and tear
They tested the endurance of the material.
exponential
оқуды бастаңыз
becoming more and more rapid
The population grew at an exponential rate.
capsaicin
оқуды бастаңыз
the active component of chili peppers
Capsaicin causes the burning sensation in peppers.
duped
оқуды бастаңыз
deceive; trick
They were duped into buying fake goods.
caveat
оқуды бастаңыз
a warning or proviso of specific stipulations
They gave a caveat about the risks.
voyage
оқуды бастаңыз
a long journey involving travel by sea or in space
They embarked on a voyage.
ridge
оқуды бастаңыз
a long narrow hilltop, mountain range, or watershed.
a long narrow hilltop, mountain range, or watershed.
indie
оқуды бастаңыз
independently produced or distributed
They listened to indie music.
debut
оқуды бастаңыз
a person's first appearance or performance in a particular capacity or role
She made her debut on Broadway.
conservative
оқуды бастаңыз
holding to traditional attitudes and values and cautious about change or innovation
They held conservative views.
sowed
оқуды бастаңыз
plant (seed) by scattering it on or in the earth
They sowed seeds in the garden.
cadet
оқуды бастаңыз
a young trainee in the armed services or police
He was a police cadet.
sentiments
оқуды бастаңыз
a view or opinion that is held or expressed
They expressed their sentiments.
bowed
оқуды бастаңыз
bend one's head or body in respect or submission
They bowed their heads.
concrete
оқуды бастаңыз
existing in a material or physical form; not abstract
They used concrete examples.
complex
оқуды бастаңыз
consisting of many different and connected parts
The issue was complex.
worth
оқуды бастаңыз
the value equivalent to that of someone or something under consideration; the level at which someone or something deserves to be valued or rated
The painting was worth millions.
began
оқуды бастаңыз
perform or undergo the first part of (an action or activity)
They began the project.
decades
оқуды бастаңыз
a period of ten years
They lived there for decades.
contributing
They were contributing to the cause.
especially money) in order to help achieve or provide something
оқуды бастаңыз
give (something
access
оқуды бастаңыз
the means or opportunity to approach or enter a place
They had access to the building.
vibrant
оқуды бастаңыз
full of energy and enthusiasm
The city was vibrant.
consider
оқуды бастаңыз
think carefully about (something)
They considered the options.
explicit
оқуды бастаңыз
stated clearly and in detail
They gave explicit instructions.
strait
оқуды бастаңыз
a narrow passage of water connecting two seas or two other large areas of water
They sailed through the strait.
equivalence
оқуды бастаңыз
the condition of being equal or equivalent in value
They established the equivalence.
culprit
оқуды бастаңыз
a person who is responsible for a crime or other offense
They found the culprit.
civil
оқуды бастаңыз
relating to ordinary citizens and their concerns
They discussed civil rights.
conditions
оқуды бастаңыз
the circumstances affecting the way in which people live or work; a state of affairs that must exist or be brought about before something else is possible or permitted
The working conditions were poor.
contribute
They contribute to charities.
especially money) in order to help achieve or provide something
оқуды бастаңыз
give (something
abuse
оқуды бастаңыз
treat with cruelty or violence
They abused their power.
convey
оқуды бастаңыз
transport or carry to a place.
pipes were laid to convey water to the house
myriad
оқуды бастаңыз
a countless or extremely great number
They faced a myriad of challenges.
harbor
оқуды бастаңыз
a place on the coast where vessels may find shelter
they enjoyed fishing in the harbor
senate
оқуды бастаңыз
the upper house of the United States Congress
The senate debated the bill.
aimed
оқуды бастаңыз
point or direct (a weapon or something else) at a target
They aimed the camera.
depletion
оқуды бастаңыз
reduction in the number or quantity of something
The depletion of resources is a concern.
hierarchy
оқуды бастаңыз
a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority
They followed the company's hierarchy.
escape
оқуды бастаңыз
break free from confinement or control
They tried to escape.

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