roadmap C1-C2 3&4

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impartial
оқуды бастаңыз
,not involved in a particular situation, and therefore able to give a fair opinion or piece of advice
realistic
оқуды бастаңыз
,judging and dealing with situations in a practical way according to what is actually possible rather than what you would like to happen
disclose
оқуды бастаңыз
,to make something publicly known, especially after it has been kept secret
unsubstantiated
оқуды бастаңыз
,not proved to be true
insubstantial
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,not solid, large, strong or definite
footage
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,film or video showing a particular event
murder
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,the crime of deliberately killing someone
assassination
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,the act of murdering an important person
character assassination
оқуды бастаңыз
,an unfair attack on someone’s character
bend the truth
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,to say something that is not completely true
credible
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,deserving or able to be believed or trusted
creditable
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,deserving praise or approval
publicity stunt
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,something that is only done to get publicity
interpretation
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,the way in which someone explains or understands an event, information, someone’s actions etc.
interplay
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,the way in which two people or things affect each other
brief
оқуды бастаңыз
,to give (someone) all the information about a situation that they will need
disclose
оқуды бастаңыз
,to make (something) publicly known, especially after it has been kept secret
substantiate
оқуды бастаңыз
,to prove the truth of (something that someone has said, claimed etc.)
misrepresent
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,to deliberately give a wrong description of (someone’s opinions or of a situation)
smear
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,to tell an untrue story about (someone important) in order to make people lose respect for them – used especially in newspapers
pitch
оқуды бастаңыз
,to present an idea or concept to someone in a way that they will accept it
probe
оқуды бастаңыз
,to ask questions in order to find things out, especially things that other people do not want you to know
unearth
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,to find (information or the truth about something or someone)
expose
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,to show the truth about (someone or something), especially when it is bad
proofread
оқуды бастаңыз
,to read through (something that is written or printed) in order to correct any mistakes in it
sensationalise
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,to deliberately make (something) seem as strange, exciting or shocking as possible – used to show disapproval
plagiarise
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,to take words or ideas from another person’s work and use them in your work, without stating that they are not your own
as clear as day
оқуды бастаңыз
,very easy to see or understand
put your finger on something
оқуды бастаңыз
,to know or be able to explain exactly what is wrong, different or unusual about a situation
crystal clear
оқуды бастаңыз
,very easy to see or understand
in plain English
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,in clear and simple words, without using technical language
as clear as mud
оқуды бастаңыз
,used humorously to say that something is very difficult to understand
a hidden agenda
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,the secret purpose behind a plan or activity that you do not tell other people about – used to show disapproval
panic attack
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,a sudden strong feeling of fear or nervousness that makes you unable to think clearly or behave sensibly
traumatic
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,a traumatic experience is so shocking and upsetting that it affects you for a long time
bring someone out in a cold sweat
оқуды бастаңыз
,to make someone very nervous or frightened
a daunting prospect
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,a particular event which will probably or definitely happen in the, future, that is frightening in a way that makes you feel less confident
churn
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if your stomach churns, you feel sick because you are nervous or frightened
debilitating
оқуды бастаңыз
making you ill or weak
get a buzz out of something
оқуды бастаңыз
to get a strong feeling of excitement, pleasure or success from doing something
rush
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a sudden strong, usually pleasant feeling that you get from taking a drug or from doing something exciting
exhilaration
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a feeling of being happy, excited and full of energy
thrill
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a sudden strong feeling of excitement and pleasure, or the thing that makes you feel this
self-conscious
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worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you
self-contained
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a self-contained flat has its own kitchen and bathroom
self-control
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the ability to behave calmly and sensibly even when you feel very excited, angry etc.
self-effacing
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the feeling of being satisfied with your own abilities, and that you deserve to be liked or respected
self-esteem
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the feeling of being satisfied with your own abilities, and that you deserve to be liked or respected
self-explanatory
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clear and easy to understand without needing any more explanation
self-indulgent
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allowing yourself to have or do things that you enjoy but do not need, especially if you do this too often
self-inflicted
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self-inflicted pain, problems, illnesses etc. are those you have caused yourself
self-made
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a self-made man or woman has become successful and rich by their own efforts, not by having money given to them
self-pity
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the feeling of being sad and depressed because you think that something unfair or unpleasant has happened to you – used to show disapproval
self-reinforcing
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strengthening your own existing feelings, behaviour or opinions
self-reliant
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able to do or decide things by yourself, without depending on the help or advice of other people
self-righteous
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proudly sure that your beliefs, attitudes and morals are good and right, in a way that annoys other people – used to show disapproval
self-sacrificing
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deciding not to do or have something you want or need, in order to help someone else
a strong sense of duty
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a feeling that you have to do something because it is morally or legally right
prior work experience
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the previous experience you have had of working in a particular type of job
exorbitant rent
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an exorbitant rent (= money paid to live in a house or room that belongs to someone else, or to use something that belongs to someone else) is much higher than it should be
mutual support
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mutual support is support that two or more people give each other
an untapped resource
оқуды бастаңыз
something useful that is available but has not yet been used
on a regular basis
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at the same time each day, week, month etc., or often
household chores
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small jobs that you have to do regularly in a home, especially work that you do to keep a house clean
have a profound impact on something
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to have a very important or strong effect or influence on something
muted
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a muted reaction to something is not expressed strongly
vibrant
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full of activity or energy in a way that is exciting and attractive
rich
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full of interesting or important features, facts, events or ideas
fleeting
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lasting for only a short time
fuzzy
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if a sound or picture is fuzzy, it is unclear
vivid
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vivid memories, dreams, descriptions etc. are so clear that they seem real
odour
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a smell, especially an unpleasant one
aroma
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a strong pleasant smell
crystal-clear
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completely clear
blurry
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difficult to see because the edges are not clear
crisp
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food that is crisp is pleasantly hard or firm when you bite it; weather that is crisp is cold and dry
faint
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difficult to see, hear, smell etc.
fluffy
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(appearing to be) very light and soft to touch
hazy
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air that is hazy is not clear because there is a lot of smoke, dust or mist in it
indistinct
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an indistinct sound, image or memory cannot be seen, heard or remembered clearly
mellow
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mellow wine or fruit has a smooth pleasant taste
metallic
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a metallic noise sounds like pieces of metal hitting each other; a metallic colour shines like metal
muffled
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muffled sounds cannot be heard clearly, for example because they come from behind a door or wall
musty
оқуды бастаңыз
a musty room, house or object has an unpleasant smell, because it is old and has not had any fresh air for a long time
pungent
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having a strong taste or smell
resonant
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a resonant sound is deep, loud and clear, and continues for a long time
savoury
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a savoury smell or taste is strong and pleasant but is not sweet
shrill
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a shrill sound is very high and unpleasant
silky
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soft, smooth, and shiny like silk; a silky voice is gentle, and is used especially when trying to persuade someone to do something
succulent
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juicy and good to eat
textured
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having a surface that is not smooth
blare
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to make a very loud unpleasant noise
bloodcurdling
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extremely frightening
blotchy
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covered in coloured marks
bristly
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bristly hair is short and stiff
crinkly
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having a lot of small lines or folds
clank
оқуды бастаңыз
if a metal object clanks, it makes a loud heavy sound
clatter
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if heavy hard objects clatter, or if you clatter them, they make a loud unpleasant noise
ear-splitting
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very loud
fleecy
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soft and woolly, or looking soft and woolly
piquant
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having a pleasantly spicy taste
starlit
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made brighter by light from the stars
willowy
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tall, graceful thin and
reach a compromise
оқуды бастаңыз
to achieve an agreement after everyone involved accepts less than what they wanted at first
give and take
оқуды бастаңыз
a willingness between two people or groups to understand each other, and to let each other have or do some of the things they want
make a concession on something
оқуды бастаңыз
to allow someone to have something in order to end an argument or a disagreement
stick to your guns
оқуды бастаңыз
to refuse to change your mind about something, even though other people are trying to persuade you that you are wrong
dig your heels in
оқуды бастаңыз
to refuse to do something in spite of other people’s efforts to persuade you
split the difference
оқуды бастаңыз
to agree on an amount that is exactly between two amounts that have been mentioned
a bargaining chip
оқуды бастаңыз
something that one person or group in a business deal or political agreement has, that can be used to gain an advantage in the deal
find common ground
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to identify facts, features or beliefs that are shared by people or things that are very different
break the deadlock
оқуды бастаңыз
to finally resolve a disagreement which could not be settled

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