Teorie lingwistyczne 2

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сұрақ English жауап English
syntax
оқуды бастаңыз
rules of sentance formation
constituents
оқуды бастаңыз
natural grouping of sentance
synatic category
оқуды бастаңыз
eg noun phrase
types of grammar
оқуды бастаңыз
traditional, prescriptive approach, descriptive approach
immediate constituent analysys
оқуды бастаңыз
analyzing small components
deep structure
оқуды бастаңыз
We visit doctors. It can be nuisance.
surface structure
оқуды бастаңыз
visiting doctors can be nuisance
cognates
оқуды бастаңыз
words in different languages that looks similar, brat and brother
comparative reconstruction
оқуды бастаңыз
examping corresponding in several of its descendant languages. We have 2 rules here. MAjority principle and the most natural development principle
majority principle
оқуды бастаңыз
if in a cognate set of 3 forms begin with the same sound and one form begins with a different sound it means that majoruty have retainedthe original sound and the minority has changed
the most natural development principle
оқуды бастаңыз
changes are very common whereas others are extremly unlikely
Great vowel shift
оқуды бастаңыз
systematic changes in the pronunciation of English vowels, hus i hałz, late Middle English time
Otto Jesperson
оқуды бастаңыз
author of great vowel shift term
development of english
оқуды бастаңыз
Old English, Middle English, Early Modern ENglish
semantic change in english
оқуды бастаңыз
middle english-meat, modern english-food
broadening
оқуды бастаңыз
the word means everything it used to mean and more, eg holiday
narrowing
оқуды бастаңыз
the meaning of word become less encompassing eg deer
meaning shift
оқуды бастаңыз
word that undergoes a change on meaning eg lust
articulatory phonetics
оқуды бастаңыз
how speech sounds are made or articulated
acoustic phonetics
оқуды бастаңыз
physical properties of speech as sound waves in the air
auditory (perceptual) phonetics
оқуды бастаңыз
perception of speech sound via the air
speech segment
оқуды бастаңыз
individual sound that occurs in language
shavian alphabet
оқуды бастаңыз
an alphabet made to provide simple phonetic ortography for the English language to replace the difficulties of the convential spelling
George Bernard Shaw
оқуды бастаңыз
author of shavian alphabet
place of articulation and manner of articulation
оқуды бастаңыз
important criteria to describe consonants
the position of the tongue and the aperture of lips
оқуды бастаңыз
important criteria to describe vowels
prosodic or supersegmental features
оқуды бастаңыз
length, pitch, complex feature stress
diacritics
оқуды бастаңыз
additional markings on written symbols to specify various phonetic properties such as eg stress, tone, length or nasalisation

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