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all the companies or individuals ('middlemen') involved in moving goods or services from producers to consumers оқуды бастаңыз
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distrubution channel (kanał dystybucji)
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an intermediary that stocks manufacturers' goods or merchandise, and sells it to retailers and professional buyers оқуды бастаңыз
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dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers who have different requirements or buying habits оқуды бастаңыз
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market segmentation (segmentacja rynku)
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making aproduct (appear to be) different from similar products offered by other sellers, by product differences, advertising, packaging, etc. оқуды бастаңыз
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product differentation (różnicowwanie produktu)
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possibilities of filling unsatisfied needs in sectors in which a company can proftably produce goods or services оқуды бастаңыз
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market opportunities (możliwości rynkowe)
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setting a high price for a new product, to make maximum revenue before competing products appear on the market оқуды бастаңыз
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market skimming (strategia spijania śmietanki)
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someone who contacts existing and potential customers, and tries to persuade them to buy goods or services оқуды бастаңыз
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sales representative (przedstawiciel handlowy)
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the attributes or characteristics of a product, such as slze, shape, quality, price, reliability, etc. оқуды бастаңыз
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product features (cechy produktu)
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the extent to which supply or demand (the quantity produced or bought) of a product responds to changes of price оқуды бастаңыз
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price elasticity (elastyczność cenowa)
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the strategy of setting a low price to try to sell a large volume and increase market share оқуды бастаңыз
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market penetration (penetracja rynku)
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companies that design advertising for clients оқуды бастаңыз
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the advertising ofa particular product or service during a particular period of time оқуды бастаңыз
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the statement of objectives that a client works out with an advertising agency оқуды бастаңыз
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a defined set of customers whose needs a company plans to satisfy оқуды бастаңыз
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the amount of money a company plans to spend in developing its advertising and buying media time or space оқуды бастаңыз
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the choice of where to advertise in order to reach the right people оқуды бастаңыз
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choosing to spend the same amount on advertising as one's competitors оқуды бастаңыз
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comparative-parity method
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a small amount of a product given to customers to encourage them to iry it оқуды бастаңыз
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free advertising, when satisfied customers recommend products to their friends оқуды бастаңыз
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trying to get consumers to forward an online marketing message to other people оқуды бастаңыз
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